Éditeur : I.B.Tauris | Date & Lieu : 2011, London - New York |
Préface : | Pages : 224 |
Traduction : | ISBN : 978 I 8451 I 875 4 |
Langue : Anglais | Format : 125x195 mm |
Code FIKP : Liv. Ang. | Thème : Sociologie |
Présentation
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Table des Matières | Introduction | Identité | ||
The Zaza Kurds of Turkey Mehmed S. Kaya received his Dr. polit. degree in sociology and social anthropology from the Norwegian University of Scientific and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim. He is professor at Lillehammer University College. He founded the Norwegian Journal of Migration Research and was its editor-in-chief during the period 2000-5. Kaya has published Muslim Immigrants' Adaptations to Norwegian Society (Dr. polit. dissertation) and a series of articles in scientific journals. |
Important episodes 1n the history of the Zaza c.600-700 BC / Zaza Kurds converted to Zoroastrianism. 641 / Kurdistan was occupied by the Arabs. Kurds were forcibly converted to Islam. The Kurds resisted until the turn of the millennium. Until the 1200s, Kurds were called 'infidels' by Arabic authors. Towards the end of the 1600s, the majority of the Kurds converted to Islam. 1920 / The victorious powers of the First World War commit themselves to the establishment of a Kurdish state in parts of South-East Turkey and North Iraq with the Sevres Treaty. 1923 / The Sevres Treaty was rejected by Kemal Atatlirk's Turkey and was replaced by the Lausanne Treaty, which denied national rights to the Kurds. The victors betray the Kurds and Atatürk annexes Kurdistan to Turkey. 1925 / Kurds staged a large rebellion against the newly proclaimed Turkish republic. The rebellion was led by the legendary Sheikh Said who was a Zaza and was from Xinus to the north-east of Solhan. The rebellion started in February and spread to several cities in the Kurdish area. The rebels seized several large cities including Bingol, Xarput (Elazig), large portions of Diyarbekir and a series of smaller cities. Their liberation was short lived. The rebellion was brutally suppressed by the Turkish army after some months by direct orders from Atatlirk. Sheikh Said and 48 of his close collaborators were hanged on 28 June of the same year in Diyarbekir. 1930 / The Zaza Kurds of Turkey The Kurds started yet another rebellion around Mount Ararat. The rebellion was led by General Ihsan Nuri who had deserted from the Turkish army. This rebellion lasted for two years before it was suppressed and the leaders fled to Iran and were granted political asylum there. 1937 / Another rebellion took place in the Zaza-dominated province of Dersim to the north-west of Dersim. Also at this time there was full popular participation but the rebellion was suppressed brutally after nearly two years. The leadership, along with the colourful personality Seyid Riza, was executed and more than half of the population of Dersim was deported to West Turkey. 1984 / The Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) started an armed struggle against the central government in Ankara. The PKK demanded independence from Turkey. Turkey arrested PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan with American help in Nairobi in February 1999. The PKK declared a unilateral ceasefire in September of the same year, but Turkey answered with military operations and in 2004 the PKK cancelled the unilateral ceasefire. Turkey is not capable of suppressing a Kurdish rebellion for the first time in recent history. Chapter I Introduction Although the world is contracting and becoming smaller as we acquire insight into an ever-increasing number of cultures, there are still many peoples with their own cultures, lifestyles and social organizations that are totally unknown to many of us. We do not know how social life in other societies manifests itself under completely different circumstances than the ones we are accustomed to. We still know little about other peoples' living conditions, beliefs and traditions. We know little about what and how they think, what their perception of reality is, how they organize their lives, how they perceive themselves and others, how they view their and others' actions, how they view the world, what their social manners are, how the family is organized, how kinship relations function, how they justify their actions, what in life is important for them and so forth. The interest in cultural differences has been increasing, and this has its own background; during the last 35 years, Western Europe has become a meeting place for people from practically all over the world. These people come from very different cultures and societies. They bring different perceptions of reality with them, and they have different premises. While we do not have sufficient knowledge about all the cultures and the societies that these different people come from, we are acquainted with different cultures to varying degrees. Some of these cultures and societies have already become familiar in Europe. Some are less familiar and some are totally unknown. A considerable growth in immigration in the second half of the previous century has created a wholly new situation in the wealthiest parts of Europe. This has not only created problems but also an increased interest in new knowledge about other societies, cultures and ways of life. To communicate with people from different… |