Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction / 5 1.1 Background / 5 1.1.1 Some definitions and concepts / 5 1.1.2 Former research / 8 1.1.3 Democracy, Human Rights and Cultural Imperialism / 11 1.2 Aim of thesis / 13 1.3 Methodology and Anthropology during "civil war" / 15 1.3.1 Understanding through an incomplete language / 15 1.3.2 My visits to Turkey / 16 1.3.3 Informants, friends and analysts / 19 1.3.4 Observations, reasoning, transparency and correctness / 19 1.4 A Turkish and Kurdish history / 20 1.4.1 The history of Turks and Turkey / 22 1.4.2 The history of Kurds and Kurdistan / 23 1.5 Writing histories - political motivation and social constraints. / 32 1.5.1 Textual differences, contradictions and agreements / 32 1.5.2 Political motivation / 33 1.5.3 The audience as social constraints and possibilities / 34 1.5.4 Mixing ideology, historical facts and parts of the present / 35 1.5.5 Disagreement on the disagreement / 35 1.5.6 A summary and a final comment / 36
Chapter 2 Authority and role models in Turkish and Kurdish society / 37 2.1 Family, relatives and peers / 37 2.1.1 Traditional family life with focus on the father and son / 39 2.1.2 Peers and in determined relations / 46 2.1.3 Learning double-dealing and hypocrisy / 46 2.2 School and University life / 49 2.2.1 School / 49 2.2.2 University / 50 2.2.3 Barriers protecting the authority truths / 52 2.3 Authority versus democracy in adult life / 53 2.3.1 Primary and secondary socialization / 53 2.3.2 The structure of conversations / 55 2.3.3 All-knower's / 58 2.3.4 Critique minimization and Statement multiplication / 59 2.3.5 Adult life and institutions / 61 2.3.6 Old authority in a new society / 66 2.4 Conclusions / 67
Chapter 3 The division of Turkey with censor and state-ethnic symbols / 69 3.1 The ethnic Turkish state ideology and state symbols / 69 3.1.1 The official ideology and society / 69 3.1.2 Türkiye and Atatürk / 75 3.1.3 The polluted Kurds, Alevis, Muslims and communists / 78 3.2 Presenting, protecting and maintaining the Turkish truths / 82 3.2.1 The legal foundation of censorship / 82 3.2.2 Military instruction of the press / 83 3.2.3 Brute force and other restrictions / 84 3.2.4 Censor of television / 86 3.2.5 Censor of newspapers and magazines / 88 3.2.6 "Gifts" to the obedient press / 90 3.3 Turkeys degree of success / 91 3.3.1 Introducing socio-sensors / 91 3.3.2 Measuring the degree of success / 92 3.4 Communication theory and the Kurdish news-refused / 95 3.4.1 The importance of context / 95 3.4.2 Total distrust / 96 3.4.3 Keys and locks to communication / 97 3.5 The Kurdish and alternative news channels / 101 3.5.1 The second channel / 101 3.5.2 Friends, family and visitors / 103 3.5.3 Illegal publications, songs and poems / 105 3.5.4 Examples of different reporting / 108 3.6 Kurds playing for the public scene / 110 3.6.1 Preventing communication across the ethnic barrier / 110 3.6.2 Playing until believing / 112 3.6.3 Educated for crime / 115 3.7 Implications / 116 3.7.1 An increasing cognitive division / 116 3.7.2 A political and military leadership losing contact with reality / 118
Chapter 4 Terrorists, half-terrorists and a-little-bit terrorists / 120 4.1 The different terrorists / 121 4.1.1 The enemy of humanity / 123 4.1.2 The elimination of half-terrorists and a little-bit-terrorists / 124 4.1.3 Control by danger of accusations / 125 4.2 Why this strong demand for order / 126 4.2.1 Total roles and total concepts / 127 4.2.2 Observing for action in a chaotic society / 130 4.2.3 Illegitimating the enemy / 133 4.3 The actors' adoption to the conflict / 134 4.3.1 Achieving private aims through "system conflicts" / 134 4.3.2 Gemeinschaft in war / 136 4.3.3 Rule of pollution versus rule of law / 138 4.3.4 The design of a surviving opinion / 140 4.3.5 Blaiming the foreigners / 141 4.4 Dichotomization and presentation of us and them / 143 4.4.1 From the Turkish side / 144 4.4.2 From the Kurdish side / 145 4.4.3 Kurdish in Turkish versus Turkish in Kurdish - an assymetric relation / 149 4.5 The destructive power of illegal points of view / 150
Chapter 5 Conclusions and final remarks / 152 5.1 Suggestions for the Turkish Republic / 152 5.2 A suggestion for the common Kurds / 154 5.2 Suggestions for the PKK / 154 5.3 Theory / 155
List of References / 157 |