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The turban for the crown


Auteur :
Éditeur : Oxford University Press Date & Lieu : 1988, Oxford
Préface : Pages : 296
Traduction : ISBN :
Langue : AnglaisFormat : 145x230 mm
Thème : Religion

Présentation
Table des Matières Introduction Identité PDF
The turban for the crown


THE TURBAN
FOR THE CROWN
The Islamic Revolution in Iran

The objective of this book is to explain the Islamic revolution of 1979 in Iran and to assess its significance in world history. It is clear that the Islamic revolution in Iran is a cataclysm as significant and as unprecedented in world history as the French revolution of 1789 and the Russian revolution of 1917. It has indeed a good claim to being considered the surprise of the century, a century not devoid of surprises. Few considered the rise of theocracy in a modernized state a possibility, and even fewer thought it might result from a popular revolution. What added to the wry poignancy of the event was that the Ayatollah succeeded in raising the banner of Islamic theocracy in the land of the Shah, the last King of Kings who, until the day of his departure, commanded a large army equipped with the latest weapons.


Table des Matières

Contents

Chronology of Significant Events in Iranian History Since 1500 / xi

Introduction / 3

I RISE OF THE MODERN STATE AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIETY

1. Religion, Government, and the Social Structure in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries / 11
Establishment of Religious Uniformity and Consolidation of Shi'ite Clerical Power in Iran / 11
Collapse of the Safavid State and Tribal Domination of Urban Society in the Eighteenth Century / 16
The Qajar Government and the Social Structure of Iran in the Nineteenth Century / 20
Emergence of the Modern Idea of the State and Failure of Centralizing Reforms / 27

2. The Constitutional Revolution: 1905-1911 / 34
Revolution and Parliamentary Democracy: April 1905-June 1908 / 35
Constitutional Reforms of the State: 1907-December 1911 / 40
Traditionalist Counterrevolution and Tribal Civil War: 1908-March 1912 / 48
Compromises in the Constitutional Revolution / 57

3. Formation of the Modern Bureaucratic State in the Twentieth Century / 59
Modernization of the State Under Reza Shah / 59
Impact of the State on Iranian Society / 69
Mohammed Reza Shah's "White Revolution" and Its Consequences / 71

4. Shi'ism Versus Statism / 75
Sources of Conflict Between the State and Hierocracy / 75
Confrontations with the State During the Constitutional Revolution / 78
The Era of Pahlavi Modernization / 80

II FROM TEMPORAL TO THEOCRATIC ABSOLUTISM
5. Khomeini and the Islamic Revolutionary Movement / 91
The Resurgence of Islam / 91
Revolutionary Politicization of the Islamic Movement / 94
Charismatic Leadership and Revolutionary Traditionalism / 100

6. The Revolution of February 1979 / 103
The Myth of the Islamic Revolution / 103
The Revolutionary Alignment of Social Classes / 106
The New Middle Class and the Revolution / 108
Paralysis and Collapse of the State / 114
The Armed Forces and the Revolution / 119
The United States and the Iranian Revolution / 128

7. Revolutionary Iran: February 1979-December 1982 / 134
Disintegration of the Pahlavi Regime and Establishment of Dual Power / 134
The Clerical Coup d'Etat of November 1979 / 137
Termination of Dual Power and Direct Clerical Takeover of the State / 141

8. Consolidation of Islamic Theocracy / 147
Principles of Legitimacy of Theocratic Government and the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran / 147
Elimination of Opposition and Normalization / 154
Distinctive Institutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran / 163
Continuities Between Pre- and Post-Revolutionary Iran / 173

III REFLECTIONS ON THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION
9. The Revolutionary Transformation of Shi'ism / 177
Transformation of the Shi'ite Theory of Authority / 177
Transformation of the Shi'ite Law / 184

10. Significance of the Islamic Revolution: A Comparative Perspective / 189
Causes and Preconditions of the Islamic Revolution / 189
Teleology of the Islamic Revolution / 202

Conclusion / 210

Appendix / 211

Notes / 221

Glossary of Persian and Arabic Terms / 249

References / 255

Index / 267




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