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The Mukri Variety of Central Kurdish


Auteur :
Éditeur : Ludwig Reichert Date & Lieu : 2016, Wiesbaden
Préface : Pages : 304
Traduction : ISBN : 978-3-95490-132-6
Langue : AnglaisFormat : 165x240 mm
Code FIKP : Liv. Eng. Ope. Muk. N°Thème : Linguistique

Présentation
Table des Matières Introduction Identité PDF
The Mukri Variety of Central Kurdish

The Mukri Variety of Central Kurdish

Ergin Öpengin


Ludwig Reichert


The present work is a grammatical description of the Mukri variety of Central Kurdish accompanied by a ’collection of texts and a brief lexicon. More theoretical aspects of person marking and argument indexation patterns in Central Kurdish are presented in a companion volume currently being prepared for publication (Öpengin forthc.) Central Kurdish, more widely known as Sorani, is one of the major varieties of Kurdish, itself a branch of Western Iranian languages (cf Kom 2003) Central Kurdish is spoken in Iraq and Iran by the majority of the Kurdish population in these two countries McCarus (2009:587) estimates the number of its speakers as around 5 million, while in Lewis, Simons & Fennig (2013) the number is more specifically stated as 6,750,000. This background chapter presents the language and the speech community under study (§1.2); the position of the variety within Kurdish dialectology (§1.3); a synopsis of previous work (§1.4); a description ...


Table des Matières

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments / 5
List of Tables / 12
List of Figures / 12
Abbreviations and Symbols / 13

Chapter 1
Background to The Language, Community, and Fieldwork / 15
1.1 Introduction / 15
1.2 Mukri Central Kurdish and its speech community / 15
1.3 The status of Mukri within Kurdish dialectology / 18
1.4 Previous work on Mukri and Central Kurdish / 20
1.5 Fieldwork / 21
1.6 Corpus / 22

Chapter 2
The Grammar of Mukri Central Kurdish / 25
2.1 Introduction / 25
2.2 Phonology / 25
2.2.1 Phoneme system / 25
2.2.1.1 Vowel phonemes / 25
2.2.1.2 Consonant phonemes / 26
2.2.1.3 Description of phonemes and non-contrastive variation / 28
2.2.1.3.1 Stops and nasals / 29
2.2.1.3.2 Fricatives and affricates / 31
2.2.1.3.3 Rhotics / 33
2.2.1.3.4 Approximants / 33
2.2.1.3.5 Vowels / 34
2.2.1.4 Phoneme - grapheme associations / 37
2.2.2 Phonotactics / 38
2.2.2.1 Phoneme distribution / 38
2.2.2.2 Syllable structure / 38
2.2.2.3 Stress / 39
2.2.3 Major morphophonemic processes / 41
2.2.3.1 Pharyngealization / 41
2.2.3.2 Glide insertion / 42
2.2.3.3 Anaptyctic vowel insertion / 42
2.2.3.4 Metathesis / 42
2.2.3.5 Velar palatalization / 42
2.2.3.6 Contraction / 43
2.3 The morphosyntax of Mukri Central Kurdish / 44
2.3.1 Overview of the clause / 44
2.3.1.1 Simple clauses / 44
2.3.1.2 Copular clauses and similar constructions / 46
2.3.1.3 Grammatical functions and argument indexing / 48
2.3.1.4 Basic word order in the clause / 50
2.3.2 Nouns and noun morphology / 51
2.3.2.1 Nouns / 51
2.3.2.1.1 Remnant gender classes in nouns / 52
2.3.2.2 Noun derivation / 53
2.3.2.2.1 Affixation / 53
2.3.2.2.2 Compounding / 54
2.3.2.3 Local nouns / 55
2.3.2.4 Nominal inflectional morphology / 56
2.3.2.4.1 Indefiniteness suffix -ek/-ek / 56
2.3.2.4.2 Definiteness / 57
2.3.2.4.2.1 Definite suffix -eke / 57
2.3.2.4.2.2 Demonstrative clitic -e (dem.cl) / 60
2.3.2.4.3 Case, number, and gender marking / 61
2.3.2.4.3.1 Vocative case / 63
2.3.2.4.3.2 Gender marking / 64
2.3.3 Verbs and verb morphology / 64
2.3.3.1 Bare verbs and their stems / 64
2.3.3.2 Derivation of new verb meanings / 66
2.3.3.2.1 Preverbal derivation / 66
2.3.3.2.2 Adposition and pronoun incorporation / 67
2.3.3.2.3 Light verb constructions / 68
2.3.3.2.4 Nominalization / 70
2.3.3.2.5 The transitivizing suffix -and / 71
2.3.3.2.6 Passivization suffixes -rê/-ra / 72
2.3.3.2.7 Aspectual morpheme -ewe / 72
2.3.3.3 Verbal inflection: tense-aspect-mood and person / 73
2.3.3.3.1 Inventory of aspect-mood and negation markers / 73
2.3.3.3.1.1 Indicative and imperfective de- / 74
2.3.3.3.1.2 Irrealis bi- / 74
2.3.3.3.1.3 Negation prefixes nd-, ne-, and prohibitive me- / 74
2.3.3.3.1.4 Order/interactions of aspect-mood-negation prefixes / 75
2.3.3.3.2 Person agreement marking / 75
2.3.3.3.3 Verb forms of grammaticalized tense-aspect-moods / 76
2.3.3.3.3.1 Indicative present / 76
2.3.3.3.3.2 Past perfective / preterite / 76
2.3.3.3.3.3 Past imperfective / 76
2.3.3.3.3.4 Present perfect / 77
2.3.3.3.3.5 Past perfect / 78
2.3.3.3.3.6 Imperative and prohibitive / 79
2.3.3.3.3.7 Present subjunctive / 79
2.3.3.3.3.8 Past subjunctive / 80
2.3.3.3.3.9 Perfective counterfactual / 81
2.3.3.3.4 Periphrastic tense-aspect-mood expressions / 81
2.3.3.3.4.1 Progressive and prospective ‘xerik + copula’ / 81
2.3.3.3.4.2 Future auxiliary / 82
2.3.3.3.4.3 TAM function of demonstrative complex / 83
2.3.3.3.4.4 Modality constructions / 84
2.3.4 Adjectives and adverbs / 84
2.3.4.1 Adjectives / 84
2.3.4.1.1 Basic adjectives / 85
2.3.4.1.2 Adjective derivation / 86
2.3.4.1.3 Comparison of adjectives / 88
2.3.4.2 Adverbs / 89
2.3.5 Minor word classes / 91
2.3.5.1 Pronouns / 91
2.3.5.1.1 Clitic person markers / 91
2.3.5.1.2 Independent personal pronouns / 94
2.3.5.1.3 Indefinite pronouns / 96
2.3.5.1.4 Impersonals and honorifics / 97
2.3.5.2 Deictics / 98
2.3.5.2.1 Demonstrative determiner and pronotm / 98
2.3.5.2.2 Adverbial demonstratives / 100
2.3.5.3 Adpositions / 101
2.3.5.3.1 Simple adpositions / 101
2.3.5.3.2 Absolute adpositions / 102
2.3.5.3.3 Compound adpositions / 103
2.3.5.3.4 Circumpositions / 104
2.3.5.4 Quantifiers and numerals / 105
2.3.5.4.1 Numerals / 105
2.3.5.4.2 Lexical quantifiers / 107
2.3.5.5 Classifiers / 108
2.3.5.6 Conjunctions and particles / 108
2.3.5.6.1 Conjunctions / 108
2.3.5.6.2 Discourse connectives / 109
2.3.5.6.3 Discourse particles / 109
2.3.5.6.4 Interjections / 110
2.3.6 The syntax of the noun phrase / 110
2.3.6.1 Ezafe constructions / 111
2.3.6.1.1 Unmarked-i type NPs / 111
2.3.6.1.2 Compounding e-type NPs / 112
2.3.6.1.3 The particle de in ezafe constructions / 113
2.3.6.1.4 Multiple modification / 113
2.3.6.1.5 Independent/pronominal ezafe / 113
2.3.6.2 Adnominal possession / 114
2.3.6.3 Relative clauses / 114
2.3.7 Clausal Syntax / 116
2.3.7.1 Alignment and argument-indexing / 116
2.3.7.2 Argument structure / 117
2.3.7.3 The order of arguments / 118
2.3.7.4 Topicalization and focus / 120
2.3.7.5 Reflexive and reciprocal clauses / 123
2.3.7.6 Passive clauses / 124
2.3.7.7 Interrogative clauses / 125
2.3.7.7.1 Polar questions / 125
2.3.7.7.2 Content questions / 126
2.3.7.7.3 Rhetorical and tag questions / 127
2.3.7.8 Imperative clauses / 128
2.3.8 Complex sentences / 129
2.3.8.1 Inchoative sense of hênan / 129
2.3.8.2 Clause coordination / 129
2.3.8.3 Subordination / 133
2.3.8.3.1 Complement clauses / 133
2.3.8.3.2 Conditional clauses / 135
2.3.8.3.3 Temporal adverbial clauses / 136
2.4 Summary / 137

Chapter 3
Sample Annotated Texts / 138
3.1 Introduction / 138
3.2 Text 1: Hafretyi kêye? ‘Who deserves the woman? / 138
3.3 Text 7: Feqêy mekmûs ‘The wile-writer student / 153

Chapter 4
Texts and Translations from the Mukri Oral Literature / 179
4.1 Introduction / 179
4.2 Background to the texts / 179
4.2.1 Information on the narrators of the texts in this collection / 180
4.2.2 Text presentation, transcription, symbols, and translation / 181
4.3 Individual texts / 182
4.3.1 Text 1: Hafret yî kêye? “Who deserves the woman?” / 183
4.3.2 Text 2: Nanewaza.de “The son of a baker” / 188
4.3.3 Text 3: Cil qetl ‘Forty murders’ / 199
4.3.4 Text 4: Joldy aqil ‘The intelligent weaver’ / 213
4.3.5 Text 5: Mela kullo ‘Mullah Grasshopper’ / 217
4.3.6 Text 6: Feqêy mekmûs ‘The wile-writer student’ / 233
4.3.7 Text 7: Weziri kalekfiros ‘The melon-seller vizier’ / 241
4.3.8 Text 8: Carenûs ‘Destiny’ / 248
4.3.9 Text 9: Goristanê ddrebenê ‘The Dareben cemetery’ / 263
4.3.10 Text 10: Zini bas ‘The good woman’ / 268

Chapter 5
Lexicon / 281
Introduction to the lexicon / 281
Abbreviations for the lexical entries / 282
References / 299
Appendices / 303
Appendix 1 / Map of the Kurdish dialects of Iraq and Iran / 303

List of Tables

Table 1 The corpus of spoken texts in Mukri Kurdish / 23
Table 2 Vowel phonemes / 25
Table 3 Consonant phonemes / 27
Table 4 Phoneme-grapheme associations / 37
Table 5 Copular endings / 46
Table 6 Case and number inflection / 61
Table 7 Past versus present tense stems of verbs / 65
Table 8 Verbs derived by adverbial preverbs / 66
Table 9 Common light verb constructions / 68
Table 10 Verbs derived by the transitivizing suffix -and / 71
Table 11 Verbs derived by the aspectual morpheme -ewe / 72
Table 12 Aspect-mood and negation marking formatives / 74
Table 13 Position and order of aspect-mood and negation prefixes / 75
Table 14 Person agreement markers / 75
Table 15 Semantic property types of adjectives / 85
Table 16 Semantic property types of adverbs / 89
Table 17 Clitic person markers / 92
Table 18 Independent personal pronouns / 95
Table 19 Indefinite pronouns / 96
Table 20 Simple adpositions / 101
Table 21 Absolute adpositions and their relation with simple adpositions / 102
Table 22 Cardinal numbers / 105
Table 23 Morphological marking of arguments / 116
Table 24 The structure of the verbal clause and the common word order / 120
Table 25 Metadata of the Mukri oral literature texts / 179

List of Figures

Figure 1 / Kurdish varieties and the speech zone of Mukri Central Kurdish / 14
Figure 2 / Fieldwork localities in the Mukriyan region of northwestem Iran / 22




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