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Iran: From the Earliest Times to the Islamic Conquest


Auteur :
Éditeur : Pelican Books Date & Lieu : 1978, Middlesex - England
Préface : Pages : 368
Traduction : ISBN :
Langue : AnglaisFormat : 100x130mm
Code FIKP : Liv. Eng. Ghi. Ira. N° 3412Thème : Histoire

Présentation
Table des Matières Introduction Identité PDF
Iran: From the Earliest Times to the Islamic Conquest

Iran: From the Earliest Times to the Islamic Conquest

R. Ghirshman

Pelican Books

The Iranian Plateau is a triangle set between two depressions, the Persian Gulf to the south and the Caspian Sea to the north (Fig. I). Further, as a bridge between Central and Western Asia, it forms a promontory which links the steppes of inner Asia to the plateau of Asia Minor and beyond to Europe. Geography can thus account for the historic part which the Plateau was called on to play in the course of thousands of years of human history.
The triangle is bounded by mountains rising ...


Professor R. Ghirshman, archaeologist, explorer, and historian, was born in 1895, and educated at the Sorbonne, the Ecole des Hautes Etudes, and the Ecole du Louvre. His first experience of archaeology in the field was in 1930, when he accompanied the French Mission to Tello, in Iraq. The following year he was appointed head of an expedition to Iran, and made excavations at Giyan, Luristan, Assadabad, and Siyalk. In 1935 he began work on the site of Shapur, a Sassanid town founded in the 3rd century A.D., and in 1936 took part in the first archaeological expedition to Afghanistan. In 1941 he was appointed head of the French Delegation Archeologique in Afghanistan, and after the war he was put in charge of the two French archaeological expeditions to Iran by the French government. In 1949 he made a trip by caravan into the mountains of Bakhtiari, where he explored, for the first time in Iran, a cave which was inhabited in neolithic times.
Professor Ghirshman has published many works on the archaeology, history, inscriptions, and coins of Iran and Afghanistan. He is a member of a number of learned societies, both French and foreign; has been awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Teheran and is an honorary Professor at the University of Aix-en-Provence; and is a Corresponding Member of the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. Professor Ghirshman is a Commander of the Legion d'Honneur.


Table des Matières


Contents

List of Plates / 10
List of Text Figures / 14
Editorial Foreword / 17
Introduction. The Physical Aspect of Iran / 21

1. Prehistory / 27
Cave Man / 27
The First Settlers on the Plain / 28
The Prehistoric Civilization of Iran in the Fourth Millennium B.C. 32
Iran at the Beginning of the Third Millennium B.C. / 45
Iran in the Third Millennium B.C. / 5°
Iran in the Second Millennium B.C. / 60
Elam / 63
The Kassites / 64

2. The Coming of the Iranians / 73
The Immigration of the Medes and Persians / 73
The Formation of Median Unity / 9°
Cimmerians and Scythians / 96
The Median Kingdom / 98
The Luristan Bronzes / 99
Cyaxares / 106
The Treasure of Sakiz / 106
The Median Kingdom / 112.
Elam and the Persians - The Rise of the Achaemenians / 118

3·East against West / 127
The Achaemenian Empire / 127
Cyrus (559-530) / 128
The Fall of Babylon / 131
Pasargadae / 134
Cambyses (530-522.) / 136
Darius (522-486) / 139
Administration / 142
The Campaigns of Darius / 146
The Political and Administrative Achievement of Darius / 152
Religion / 155
Language and Writing / 163
Art / 164
Economic and Social Life / 181

4. The Later Achaemenians / 189
The Successors of Darius / 189
Xerxes / 190
Artaxerxes I / 194
Darius II / 196
Artaxerxes II / 197
Artaxerxes III / 201

5. West against East and the Reaction of the Orient / 206
End of the Achaemenian Empire. Alexander the Great / 206
The Seleucids / 219
Art / 232
Economic and Social Life / 237

6. The Parthians / 243
The Parthians and the East / 260
Organization and Administration / 262
Parthians and Greeks / 266
Religion / 268
Urban Development, Architecture and Art / 272
Economic and Social Life / 282

7. The Expansion of Iranian Civilization / 289
The Sassanians / 289
Organization, Administration, Army / 309
The Sassanians
Religion / 314
Arts, Letters, Sciences / 318
Economic and Social Life / 341

Conclusion / 350
Selected Bibliography / 358
Index / 360




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