Encyclopedia of the Peoples of AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Jamie Stokes, Editor
Anthony Gorman and Andrew Newman, Historical Consultants
Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East Copyright © 2009 Infobase Publishing, Inc.
Copyright © 2000 Diagram Visual Information Limited
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of the peoples of Africa and the Middle East / Jamie Stokes, editor; Anthony Gorman and Andrew Newman, historical consultants. p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8160-7158-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-4381-2676-0 (e-book)
1. Ethnology—Africa—Encyclopedias. 2. Ethnology—Middle East—Encyclopedias. 3. Africa—Social life and customs—Encyclopedias. 4. Middle East—Social life and customs—Encyclopedias. I. Stokes, Jamie. GN645.E53 2008
305.800956—dc22 2008041256
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Mary Susan Ryan-Flynn Illustrations by Michal Novak with additional illustrations by Chris Allcott, Darren Bennett, Bob Garwood, Elsa Godfrey, Brian Hewson, Pavel Kostal, Kyri Kyriacou, Janos Marffy, Kathy McDougall, Patrick Mulrey, Rob Shone, Graham Rosewarne, Peter Ross Cover design by Salvatore Luongo Printed in the United States of America
VB JS 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper and contains 30 percent postconsumer recycled content. |