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The Iran-Iraq War: 1980-1988


Nivîskar : Efraim Karsh
Weşan : Osprey Publishing Tarîx & Cîh : 2002, Oxford
Pêşgotin : Rûpel : 96
Wergêr : ISBN : 1-84176-371-3
Ziman : ÎngilîzîEbad : 160x240 mm
Mijar : Dîrok

The Iran-Iraq War: 1980-1988

The Iran-Iraq War: 1980-1988

In most discussions of the Iran-Iraq War, it has become commonplace to view the conflict as the latest manifestation of the millenarian Arab-Persian struggle for domination of the Gulf and the Fertile Crescent. Some historians have traced its origins to the pre-Islamic rivalry between the Achaemenid and the Babylonian empires, others to the 7th-century Arab-Muslim destruction of the Sassanid Empire and the subsequent conversion of most Persians to Islam. Still others view the war as the extension of the historic struggle for power and control between Sunni and Shi'ite Islam: while Arabs are predominantly Sunni, with their emphasis on the Koran and the religious law, Iranians were converted in the 16th century to Shi'ism, a minority faction in Islam dating back to Ali Ibn-Abi-Talib, Prophet Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law.

Yet while these general causes may explain why wars between Iran and Iraq are possible, or even probable, they do not explain the occurrence of a specific war, let alone the lengthy periods of tranquillity between the two countries. To understand why the Iran-Iraq War broke out in September 1980, it is necessary to look for more proximate causes, namely the nature of the two leaderships at the time and their political and ideological objectives...

Contents

Introduction / 7
Chronology / 9

Background to war
The quest for the empire of God / 12

Warring sides
Strengths and weaknesses of Iran and Iraq / 16

Outbreak
Invasion and after / 22

The fighting
The delicate balance of incompetence / 30

Portrait of a soldier
Iran's boy soldiers / 62

The world around war
Nations at war / 66

Portrait of a civilian
Death of a village / 76

How the war ended
The poisoned chalice / 79

Conclusion and consequences
A costly exercise in futility / 84

Further reading / 93
Index / 94

The Iran-Iraq War
1980-1988

Efraim Karsh

Osprey Publishing

First published in Great Britain in 2002 by Osprey Publishing,
Elms Court Chapel Way, Botley, Oxford OX2 9LP
Email: info@ospreypublishing.com

© 2002 Osprey Publishing Ltd.

All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose
of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act. 1988, no part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical,
chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright
owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers.

Every attempt has been made by the Publishers to secure the
appropriate permissions for material reproduced in this book. If
there has been any oversight we will be happy to rectify the
situation and written submissions should be made to the
Publishers.

ISBN 1 84176 371 3

Editor: Rebecca Cullen
Design: Ken Vail Graphic Design. Cambridge, UK
Cartography by The Map Studio
Index by Susan Williams
Picture research by Image Select International
Origination by Grasmere Digital Imaging, Leeds, UK
Printed and bound in China by L Rex Printing Company Ltd

02 03 04 05 06 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For a complete list of titles available from Osprey Publishing
please contact:
Osprey Direct UK, PO Box 140,
Wellingborough, Northants, NN8 4ZA.UK.
Email: info@ospreydirectco.uk
Osprey Direct USA.
c/o Motorbooks International. PO Box 1,
Osceola, Wl 54020-0001. USA.
Email: info@ospreydirectusa.com
www.ospreypublishing.com


EFRAIM KARSH is Professor and Head of the Mediterranean Studies Programme at King's College, University of London. He has held various academic posts at the Sorbonne, the London School of Economics, Columbia University, Helsinki University and Tel-Aviv University. Professor Karsh has published extensively on Middle Eastern affairs, Soviet foreign policy and European neutrality.

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