Contents
Letter of transmittal / V
Summary of key findings / VII
I. Introduction / 1
A. Overview / 1
B. Methodology / 2
C. Weighing the evidence / 3
D. Note on names / 5
II. Background / 6
A. Basic characteristics / 6
B. The Question on National Identity / 6
C. Iraqi Kurdish Rebellions in the Interwar Period / 7
D. The Maturing of Kurdish Nationalism / 8
E. The Kurds and the Iraqi Republic / 8
F. The 1974 Rebellion / 9
G. Guerrilla War After 1976 / 9
H. The Iran-Iraq War / 10
III. Iraq's Final Offensive / 11
A. A Narrative Account / 11
B. Eyewitness Accounts / 15
C. The Physical Evidence / 27
D. Context / 30
E. Conclusion / 32
IV. The Refugee Situation / 35
A. Welfare of the Refugees / 35
B. A Balancing Act for Turkey / 36
V. Policy Issues / 37
A. The Precedent / 37
B. The Middle East / 37
C. As an Anti-Insurgency Weapon / 38
D. United States Policy / 38
Appendices
A. Chronological Compilation of Statements by the Administration on the use of chemical weapons by Iraq / 41
B. Kurdish villages in Iraq exposed to chemical weapons / 42
C. Itinerary / 42
D. S. 2763, the prevention of genocide act, approved by the U.S. Senate September 9, 1988 / 43 | 
