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Vision or Reality? The Kurds in the Policy of the Great Powers


Auteur :
Éditeur : Lund University Press Date & Lieu : 1995, Malmö
Préface : Pages : 232
Traduction : ISBN : 91-7966-315-X
Langue : AnglaisFormat : 210x297 mm
Code FIKP : Liv.Ang.3414Thème : Thèses

Présentation
Table des Matières Introduction Identité PDF
Vision or Reality? The Kurds in the Policy of the Great Powers

Vision or Reality? The Kurds in the Policy of the Great Powers, 1941-1947

The Kurdish question is one of the most complex and explosive issues presently confronting the Middle East, and ranks prominently among the many ethno-national problems of the post-war era. A solution to the Kurdish dilemma was in reach after the end of the First World War and immediately after the Second World War. Yet today, the Kurds remain the largest ethnic group in the Middle East not yet to have achieved any form of recognised statehood.

The Kurds have sought control of their own destiny for several decades. Uprisings erupted in Turkey’s Kurdistan in 1925, 1927, 1928–1930 and 1937. Similar upheavals took place in Iraq. In 1919, Shaikh Mahmud Barzinji rose against the British. The Barzani tribe’s revolt against the British and the Iraqi rulers in 1932 was followed by upheavals in 1943 and 1945. Each of these uprisings was suppressed.

Certain scholars have focused on the social and economic aspects of the Kurdish question, while others have stressed the ethno-political nature of the issue. Although both of these dimensions are significant, the Kurdish question can best be illuminated by studying a variety of factors, some within the framework of the Kurdish community itself, others lying outside of it, i.e. in the policy of the states which confront the Kurdish question and in the wider international arena. The period 1941–1947 offers an interesting field of study, revealing a strong interactive relationship between a number of factors with an emphasis on the international dimension...


Table des Matières

CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS / 15

ACKNOLEDGEMENTS / 16

INTRODUCTION / 17
The Context and Aim of the Study / 17
Theory and Method / 20
Concepts and Definitions / 25
Previous Research and Material / 28

THE KURDS: A GENERAL BACKGROUND / 33
The Kurds and Kurdistan / 33
Kurds within the Ottoman Empire / 39
Kurdish Nationalism / 40

THE KURDS IN IRAN UNTIL 1941 / 47
The Kurds in Iran Prior to the Anglo-Soviet Occupation / 47
The Anglo-Soviet Occupation of Iran / 51
German Activities and the Kurds in Occupied Iran / 55
The Kurds in Iran After  the Occupation / 57

THE GREAT POWERS AND THE KURDS: THE FIRST PHASE 1941–1943 / 62
Great Britain’s Kurdish Policy / 62
The Soviet Union’s Kurdish Policy / 62
Kurds, Iranians, and the Great Powers / 70
The Kurds and the Relations among the Great Powers / 78

THE GREAT POWERS AND THE KURDS: THE SECOND PHASE 1944–1945 / 82
The Origins of the Cold War / 82
US Policy in Iran and the Kurds / 84
The Irano-Soviet Oil Crisis / 88
The Soviet Union’s Kurdish Policy / 90
Kurds, Iranians, and the Great Powers / 92

THE KURDISH QUESTION IN IRAQ DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR / 93
The Kurds in Iraq Prior to the Second World War / 93
During the Second World War / 96
The Mulla Mustafa Uprisising 1943–1945 / 98
Further Negotiations with Mulla Mustafa / 100
American Concerns / 104
Political Options / 107
Great Britain’s Cautious Kurdish Policy / 109
Negotiations with Sherif Pasha / 111

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KURDISTAN 1946 / 113
The Path to the Establishment of the People’s Republic of Kurdistan / 113
The Formation of Political Organisations / 113
The Soviet Connection / 119
The Proclamation of the Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan / 124
The Establishment of the People’s Republic of Kurdistan / 125
Relations with the Central Government / 133
The People’s Republic of Kurdistan and the Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan / 134
The Policy of the Great Powers vis-à-vis the People’s Republic of Kurdistan / 136

THE DEMISE OF THE REPUBLIC / 145
The Internal and Iranian Connections / 146
The Iranian Diplomacy and the International Connections / 149
The Aftermath / 163

CONCLUSIONS / 169

NOTES / 176

BIBLIOGRAPHY / 228




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