CONTENTS
Contents of the research and some terms / 4
1. Kurdish writers and book production in Syria / 6
1.1 An impeded mother-tongue / 6
1.1.1 Writing in spite of regime’s pressure /6
1.2 Translators / 9
1.3 Proof-reading, pre-print, design / 9
1.4 Writers’ organizations / 9
1.5 Literature days, commemoration gatherings, contests and awards / 9
2. Book Publishing in Kurdish language in Syria / 12
2.1 The Ottoman era (until 1918) / 12
2.2 The French mandate (1920–1946) / 12
2.3 Syrian state after the French mandate (1946–2006) / 13
2.3.1 From 1946 to 1962 / 13
2.3.2 The Baath Party government (1963–2006) / 13
2.3.2.1 From 1963 to1990 / 13
2.3.2.2 From 1991 to 2000 / 13
2.3.2.3 The time of Bashar Al-Assad (the beginning of 21st century) / 15
2.3.2.3.1 After the events in Qamishli / 15
2.4 Print run and genres of the books published in Syria and Lebanon / 16
2.5 Book Annotation / 18
3. Kurdish Book Publishing in Syria and Lebanon / 19
3.1 Kurdish publishers and publishing houses / 19
3.2 Printing houses and printing / 19
3.3 Print run / 22
3.4 Book distribution and sales / 22
3.4.1 Bookshops / 22
3.4.2 Book distribution / 23
3.4.2.1 Book distribution abroad / 24
3.4.3 Sales / 25
3.4.4 Prices / 25
3.4.5 Book fairs / 25
3.5 Copyright / 25
3.6 Piracy / 25
3.7 ISBN / 25
4. Readers of Kurdish literature and libraries in Syria / 26
4.1 Literacy in Kurdish / 26
4.2 Libraries in Syria and Kurdish language editions / 26
5. Online book publishing / 27
6. Major problems and future development tendencies of Kurdish book publishing in Syria / 28
6.1 New tendencies in Kurdish book publishing / 28
Conclusion and recommendations / 29
Notes / 30
Sources / 33
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