Table of contents
I. Geography physical and political
(1) Position and :Frontiers / 1
(2) Surface, Coast, River System and Lakes Surface / 2
Coast / 2
River System and Lakes / 2
(3) Climate / 3
(4) Sanitary Conditions / 3
(5) Race and Language / 4
(6) Population
Distribution / 6
Towns / 8
Movement / 8
II. Political history
Chronological Summary / 10
Historical sketch / 11
(a) Periods of Armenian History / 12
(1) Early Independence / 12
(2) Period of Subjection to Medes, Persians, and Greeks / 12
(3) Independence and Power under Tigranes and his Successors / 12
(4) Under Rome and Parthia as a Client State / 13
(5) Under the Sassanid's (revived Persian Empire) / 13
(6) Division under the Seljuks, Mongols, &c. Mediaeval Kingdoms / 14
(7) Under the Ottoman Turks / 16
(b) Factors of Armenian History / 16
(1) Dispersion / 17
(2) Religion / 19
(3) Persecution / 20
(c) Historical Now on the Kurds / 24
P.S. 696 Wt. 6325/735 1000 6/20 F.O.P. [3346] / B 2
III. Social and Political Conditions
Introductory Note / 26
(1) Religious / 26
(2) Political / 28
(3) Educational / 29
General Observations
(1) Popular Opinion and National Sentiment / 30
(2) Expansion and Future Development / 31
IV. Economic Conditions
(A) Means of Communication
(1) Internal
(a) Roads, Caravan Routes, Paths, &c. /32
(b) Rivers and Waterways / 33
(c) Railways / 34
Turkish Railways / 34
Russian Railways / 35
Projected Railways / 36
(d) Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones / 37
(2) External
(a) Ports
Trebizond / 37
Kerasund, Samsun / 40
Other Ports / 41
(b) Cable and Vireless Communication / 41
(B) Industry
(1) Labour
(a) Labour Supply
Emigration / 42
Immigration / 43
Seasonal Emigration / 44
(b) Labour Conditions / 44
(2) Agriculture / 45
(a) Products of Commercial Value Vegetable Products / 45
Cereals / 45
Filberts / 46
Tobacco / 47
Vegetables, Fruit, and Vines / 48
Other Vegetable Products / 48
Animal Products, Cattle and Sheep Rearing / 49
(b) Method of Cultivation / 51
Irrigation / 53
(c) Forestry / 53
Vilayets of Erzerum, Trebizond and Sivas / 54
(d) Land Tenure / 55
(3) Fisheries / 55
(4) Minerals / 56
Vilayets of Diarbekr and Van / 56
Vilayets of Bitlis and Erzerum / 57
Vilayet of Trebizond / 59
Vilayets of Mamuret ul-Aziz and Sivas / 60
(5) Manufactures / 61
Textiles / 61
Metallurgy and Metal-work / 63
Other Indnstries / 63
(6) Power / 64
(C) Commerce
(1) Domestic
(a) Towns, Markets, &c. / 65
(b) Organizations to promote Trade and Commerce / 67
(c) :Foreign, especially British, Interests / 67
(2) Foreign
(a) Exports / 68
(b) Imports / 72
(c) Persian Transit Trade / 75
(D) Finance
(1) Public Finance / 76
(2) Banking / 77
(E) General Remarks / 77
Appendix
Table I. Exports from the Black Sea Ports in 1912 / 80
" II. Imports at the Black Sea Ports in 1912 / 81
" III. Yield of the four chief Taxes in Armenia (excluding Trebizond) in 1913 / 82
" IV. Turkish Expenditure in Armenia (excluding Trebizond) in 1913 / 82
Authorities / 83
Maps / 84
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