The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq

Auteur :

Éditeur : Princeton University Press	Date & Lieu : 1978, Princeton
Préface :	Pages : 1284
Traduction :	ISBN :
Langue : Anglais	Format : 145x225 mm
Code FIKP : Liv. Ang. Bat. The. 1067	Thème : Général

Présentation	Table des Matières	Introduction	Identité	PDF
The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq Hanna Batatu Princeton University Press It has often been maintained that the classic sociological class analysis-an analysis that draws essentially upon the insights of Karl Marx and Max Weber-is inapplicable to Arab societies, or that in Arab societies there are no such things as "classes." This is a generalization apart from the evidence, at least as far as post-World War I Arab societies are concerned. Obviously, an attitude one way or the other on this question cannot be taken in the absence of specialized factual studies on modern Arab social structures. To reject class analysis out of hand, merely on account of contingent ideological associations, is, from a scholarly point of view, inadmissible. It is necessary to underline at once the tentative nature of the present inquiry. A concrete analysis of classes is an extremely difficult undertaking. It presupposes, on the one hand, a grasp of the objective tendencies and constraints of the social structure or structures of which the classes are integral parts; and, on the other hand, the mastery of a wealth of details, especially as regards economically and politically effective individuals and families and their interrelationships, details that are seldom within easy reach. .....


Table des Matières
Contents Preface / xxi List of Tables / ix List of Illustrations / xvii List of Maps / xix Book One the Old Social Classes Part I Introduction 1 The "Old Social Classes": Practical and Theoretical Clarifications; Applicability of Concept; Difficulties of Analysis / 5 2 Of the Diversity of Iraqis, the Incohesiveness of Their Society, and Their Progress in the Monarchic Period toward a Consolidated Political Structure / 13 3 The Geographic Distribution of the Principal Racial-Religious Groups and Relevant Causative Factors / 37 4 Some Religious-Class and Ethnic-Class Correlations / 44 Part II The Main Classes And Status Groups 5 The Mallaks or Landowners / 53 6 The Shaikhs, Aghas , and Peasants / 63 7 The Sadah / 153 8 The Old "Aristocracy" of Officials / 211 9 The ChalabTs and the Jewish Merchants and Merchant-Șarrefs / 224 10 The Crown and the Ex-SharTfian Officers / 319 Book Two The Communists from the Beginnings of Their Movement to the Fifties Part I Beginnings in the Arab East 11 The Earliest "Levelers"; the Armenian Hentchak; the Jewish Communists; and the Communist International / 367 Part II Beginnings in Iraq 12 Husain ar-Rahhal, aș-Șahifah Group, and at-Tadjimun Club / 389 13 Pyotr Vasili and the Bas rah and Nii~iriyyah Communist Circles / 404 14 The Founding of the Iraqi Communist Party / 411 15 Two Iraqis -Three Sects / 434 16 Beginning, again; or the Communists in the Period of the / 434 Coups d'Etat (1936-1941) / 439 Part III Causes 17 Of the General Causes That Made for the Increase of Communism in the Two Decades before the July Revolution / 465 Part IV Fahd and the Party (1941-1949) 18 Fahd / 485 19 Toward a Tightly Knit, Ideologically Homogeneous Party / 493 20 New Situations, New Approaches / 523 21 The Arrest of Fahd and after / 537 22 Al-Wathbah / 545 23 The Disaster; the Death of Fahd on the Gallows; the "Children Communists" / 567 24 Fahd, the Communist International, the Soviets, the Syrian Communists, and the People's Party / 574 25 The Communists and the Question of Pa les tine / 597 26 The Character, Scope, and Forms of Party Activity / 604 27 The Organization, Membership, and Social Structure of the Party (1941-1949) / 628 28 The Finances of the Party / 653 Part V The Party in the Years 1949-1955, or the Period of the Ascendancy of the Kurds in the Party 29 Baha'-ud-din Nuri Rebuilds the Party / 657 30 The Intifadah of November / 666 31 More and More Extremism, Less and Less Sense / 671 32 A Defeat for the Party, or the Birth of the Baghdad Pact / 679 33 A Bit of Forgotten History, or the Tragic Occurrences atthe Baghdad and Kut Prisons / 690 34 A Debate. on Religion / 694 35 The Composition of the Party (1949-1955) / 699 Book Three The Communists, the Ba'thists, and the Free Officers from the Fifties to the Present 36 The Communist Helm Changes Hands, the Communist Ranks Close / 709 37 The New Ștrong Men of the Communist Party: Husain Ahmad ar-Radi, 'Amer 'Abdallah, and Jamal a l-Haidari / 712 38 The Ba'th of the Fifties: Its Origins, Creed, Organization, and Membership / 722 39 The Arabization of the Communist Party's View and the Risings at Najaf and Hayy in 1956 / 749 40 The Formation of the Supreme National Committee, February 1957 / 758 41 The Free Officers, the Communists, and the July 1958 Revolution / 764 42 "Sole Leader," Dual Power / 808 43 Mutual Antagonism, Mutual Defeat / 861 44 Mosul, March 1959 / 866 45 The Flow / 890 46 Kirkuk, July 1959 / 912 47 The Ebb 922 48 The Self-Flagellation / 926 49 The Recovery / 931 50 The Bogus Party / 936 51 From Pillar to Post / 942 52 The Ba'thists Make Preparation, the Communists Give Warning / 966 53 "The Bitterest of Years" / 974 54 The Composition and Organization of the Communist Party (1955-1963) / 995 55 The First Ba'thT Regime, or toward One-Party Rule / 1003 56 The Younger 'Aref, the Na!llirites, and the Communists / 1027 57 Under the Elder 'A.ref, or the Rift in the Communist Ranks / 1062 58 The Second Ba'thi Regime / 1073 Conclusion 59 Conclusion / 1113 Appendix One Earliest Bolshevik Activities and Contacts A. "0 Moslems! Listen to This Divine Cry!" / 1137 B. The Bolsheviks and the 'Ulemii' of the Holy Cities / 1141 C. The Bolsheviks, the Comintern, and the Arab Nationalists / 1148 D. An Overture in Teheran / 1156 Appendix Two. Supplementary Tables Bibliography / 1231 Glossary / 1253 Index I: Names of Families and Tribes / 1259 Index II: Personal Names / 1262 Index III: Subjects / 1272