Table of Contents
Acknowledgments / i Introduction / iii User’s Guide / v Abbreviations / vi References / vii Sources of the Selections / viii
Part 1 : Grammar The Kurmanji Alphabet and Pronunciation Key / 3 Case Terminology / 4
I. Personal Pronouns / 4 A. Nominative Case Personal Pronouns / 4 B. Possessive (Oblique Case) Pronouns / 5
II. Ezafeh (Noun Connector / 5 A. Ezafeh with Definite Nouns / 6 1. The Usage of Ezafeh in the Possessive Structure / 6 2. The Usage of Ezafeh with a Modifier / 8 3. The Verb hebûn (to exist-to have-there is-there are) / 9 a) In the Northern Dialect / 10 b) In the Behdinî Dialect / 11 B. Indefinite Nouns / 12 1. The Indefinite Singular Article (-ek/-yek) / 12 2. The Indefinite Plural Article -y(in) / 13 C. Ezafeh with Indefinite Nouns / 13 1. The Usage of Ezafeh in the Possessive Structure / 13 2. The Usage of Ezafeh with a Modifier / 14 D. Secondary Ezafeh / 15 E. Secondary Ezafeh with Indefinite Nouns / 17 F. The Use of the Conjunction “û” [and] as a Secondary Ezafeh / 18 G. The Comparative Form of Adjectives and Adverbs / 18 H. The Superlative Form of Adjectives and Adverbs / 19
III. Pronouns and Nouns in the Nominative Case / 20 A. Nominative Case Personal Pronouns / 21 B. Nominative Case Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectives / 22 C. The Negative Form of the Verb Bun (To Be) / 23 1. By using the particle ne before the predicate / 23 2. By prefixing the particle nîn to the verb / 23 D. The Days of the Week / 24 E. The Periods of the Day / 24 F. The Months / 25 G. The Seasons / 25
IV. Pronouns and Nouns in the Oblique Case / 25 A. Oblique Case Personal Pronouns / 26 B. Reflexive Pronoun Xwe / 28 C. Oblique Case Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectives / 29 D. Definite Nouns in the Oblique Case / 31 E. Indefinite Nouns in the Oblique Case / 32 F. Nouns and Pronouns in the Oblique Case as the Object of a Preposition / 33 G. Pronouns in the Oblique Case as the Goal of the Sentence / 36 H. The Adverbial Uses of the Oblique Case / 36 1. The Days of the Week in the Oblique Case / 36 2. The Periods of the Day in the Oblique Case / 37 3. The Months in the Oblique Case / 38 4. The Seasons in the Oblique Case / 39 I. The Numbers / 39 J. Ordinal Numbers / 42
V. Vocative Case Endings / 44
VI. Imperative / 44
VII. Verb Tenses / 45 A. Present Tense / 45 1. Compound Verbs / 49 2. Present Tense to Convey Present Progressive Meaning / 50 3. Present Tense to Convey Present Perfect Progressive Meaning / 51 4. Subjunctive Mood and Its Use in the Present Tense / 53 a) Present Tense Optative Mood with Bila and Ka / 55 b) The Use of the Subordinating Conjunction da ku / 56 B. Future Tense / 57 C. Simple Past Tense / 61 1. Intransitive Verbs / 61 2. Transitive Verbs / 63 D. Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense / 66 1. Intransitive Verbs / 66 2. Transitive Verbs / 67 3. Past Progressive Tense to Convey Past Perfect Progressive Meaning / 69 E. Present Perfect Tense / 71 1. Intransitive Verbs / 71 2. Transitive Verbs / 73 3. Present Perfect Tense to Convey Present Perfect Progressive Meaning / 75 F. Past Perfect Tense / 76 1. Intransitive Verbs / 76 2. Transitive Verbs / 78
VIII. The Passive Voice / 79 A. Passive Present Tense / 80 B. Passive Future Tense / 82 C. Passive Simple Past Tense / 85 D. Passive Past Progressive Tense / 86 E. Passive Present Perfect Tense / 88 F. Passive Past Perfect Tense / 90
IX. Causative / 91 A. Causative Present Tense / 92 B. Causative Future Tense / 93 C. Causative Simple Past Tense / 94 D. Causative Past Progressive Tense / 95 E. Causative Present Perfect Tense / 97 F. Causative Past Perfect Tense / 98
X. Conditional / 99 A. Present Tense Subjunctive / 99 B. Past Tense Subjunctive / 100 1. Intransitive Verbs / 100 2. Transitive Verbs / 100 C. Conditional Sentences / 100 1. Present and Future Tenses Real Condition (True) / 101 2. Present and Past Tenses Unreal Condition (Untrue) / 103 3. Optative Mood with Xwezî / 105
Part 2: Selections 1: Malbata Mîrza Botî / 109 2: Qesra îshak Paşa û tirba Ehmedê Xanî / 110 3: Li Amedê festîvala zarokan / 112 4: Çend rewşenbîrên kurd / 114 5: Li Swîsreyê perwerdeya kurdî / 117 6: Li cîhanê jin roja xwe cejn dikin / 121 7: Li ser qursên zimanê kurdî yên taybet û rewşenbîrên kurd / 123 8: Kerkùk Kurdistan e bûye serkaniyeka herî bingehî ya ragihandina kurdî / 128 9: Kongreya Gelê Kurdistanê Abdullah Ocalan wekî ‘serokê gelê kurd’ hilbijart / 132 10: CD-Roma kurdî ji bo zarokan / 135 II : Li Amedê heşt hezar zarok li kûçeyan dixebitin / 137 12: Şagirdên kurd Newrozê pîroz dikin / 140 13: Ji bo hîndekariya zimanê kurdî Kurdiya Nûjen derdikeve / 141 14: Kurd û Paltalk / 144 15: Ciwan Haco: Hema bêjin mûzîka Ciwan / 147 16: Navenda PENa Kurd li dijî serxwebûna Bakuriyan e / 152 17: Siyabend û Xecê / 154 18: Salvegera 42emîn a şewata sînemeya Amûdê / 158 19: Balafirên “Kurdistan Airlines” berê xwe didin ezmana / 160 20: Ala Kurdî / 161 21 : Ji bo navên ku tê de tîpên “w, x, q, ê” hene destûr nehat day in / 163 22: Pirsgirêka alfabeyê û pêşniyazek / 164 23: Di salvegeriya rojnamegeriya kurdî de problemên rojnamegeriya kurdî / 167 24: Helbestvan hene, lê weşanxane tune ne / 170 25: Romana evînê: Leyla Fîgaro / 173 26: Çîroka keça kurd Fadia û problêma zewaca bi zorê li Elmanyayê / 176 27: Li Vesoulê du fïlmên kurdî hatin xelatkirin / 178 28: UNICEF û tirk bi hev re keçên kurdan asîmîle dikin / 180 29: Çima ji zarokan re xwendina çîrokan girîng e? / 181 30: Çima rojnamevanî li Kurdistanê pêş ve naçe? / 183 31: Ji polîtîkayê revîna Ciwan Haco xwekuştina wî ye / 187
Part 3: Translations 1: Mr. Botî’s Family / 195 2: Ishak Paşa’s Palace and the Tomb of Ehmedê Xanî / 195 3: The Children’s Festival in Diyarbakir [Amed] / 196 4: A Few Kurdish Scholars / 197 5: Kurdish Education in Switzerland / 198 6: Throughout the World Women Celebrate Their Day / 201 7: About Private Kurdish Language Courses and Kurdish Intellectuals / 201 8: Kerkuk Kurdistan (web page) Has Become the Most Fundamental Source of Kurdish Communication / 204 9: The Kurdistan People’s Congress Chose Abdullah Ocalan as “The President of the Kurdish People” / 206 10: Kurdish CD-ROM for Children / 207 11: Eight Thousand Children Work on Streets in Diyarbakir [Amed] / 208 12: Kurdish Students Celebrate Newroz / 209 13: Kurdiya Nûjen [Modem Kurdish] is Coming Out for Kurdish Language Teaching / 210 14: Kurds and Paltalk / 211 15: Ciwan Haco: “Let’s Call It Ciwan’s Music” / 212 16: PEN Kurdish Center Opposes the Independence of Northerners / 215 17: Siyabend and Khej / 216 18: The 42nd Anniversary of the Burning of Amud’s Theater / 219 19: The Planes of the Kurdistan Airlines Are Heading Toward the Skies / 220 20: The Kurdish Flag / 220 21 : Permission Was Not Given for Names Including the Letters “W,” “X,” “Q,” and “Ê / 221 22: The Alphabet Problem and a Suggestion / 222 23: On the Anniversary of Kurdish Journalism the Problems of Kurdish Journalism / 223 24: There Are Poets but There Are No Publishing Houses! / 225 25: The Romance Novel: Ley la Figaro / 228 26: The Story of the Kurdish Girl Fadia and the Problem of Forced Marriage in Germany / 229 27: Two Kurdish Films Awarded in Vesoul / 230 28: UNICEF and the Turks Together Assimilate the Kurdish Girls / 231 29: Why Is Reading Stories to Children Important / 232 30: Why Does Journalism in Kurdistan Fail to Make Progress? / 233 31: Ciwan Haco’s Flight from Politics Will Be Suicide / 235
Part 4: Glossary / 241 |