Contents
Preface / 9
About the Editors / 13
Remarks of the External Evaluator / 14
Contributors and Acknowledgments / 17
Chapter I - Introduction / 19
1 General Approach and Background / 19 2 Situation of Kurdish Women in the Four Parts of Kurdistan / 21
2.1 The Kurds - A Stateless Nations History Until 1923 - Abstract / 21 2.2 How Kurdish Women Live / 26 2.2.1 Kurdish Women in Turkey and North Kurdistan / 26 2.2.2 Kurdish Women in Iraq and South Kurdistan / 42 2.2.3 Kurdish Women in Iran and East Kurdistan / 49 2.2.4 Kurdish Women in Syria and Southwest Kurdistan / 57
3 Situation of Kurdish Migrant Women in the European Union / 63
3.1 Migration to Europe / 63 3.2 (In-)Visibility And Stigmatisation of National Identity / 65 3.3 Gender Oppression and Kurdish Womens Emancipation / 66 3.4 Kurdish Migrant Women and Trauma / 68
Chapter II - Results and Findings of the Survey / 71
1 Theoretical Background / 71
1.1 Ethnic Differences and Trauma / 72 1.2 Gender and Trauma / 73 1.3 Internal Versus External Displacement and Trauma / 74 1.4 Acculturation - The Forgotten Factor / 75 1.5 Kurdish Migrant Women in the European Union / 77 1.6 Help-Seeking and Trauma / 81 1.7 PTSD: A Culturally Valid Construct? / 83 1.8 Aim of Study and Research Questions / 85
2 Method / 87
2.1 Design / 87 2.2 Participants and Sample Characteristics / 88 2.3 Instruments / 89 2.4 Procedure / 93 2.5 Statistical Analyses / 96
3 Results / 963.
3.1 Sociodemographics and Mental Health / 96 3.2 Migration and Mental Health / 97 3.3 Traumatic Experiences / 99 3.4 Traumatic Experience and Mental Health / 99 3.5 Other Stresses / 100 3.6 Depressive Reactions / 102 3.7 Panic and Anxiety Reactions / 103 3.8 Posttraumatic Stress Reactions / 103 3.9 Coping and Self Reliance / 103 3.10 Cultural Adaptation / 104 3.11 The Impact of Internal Displacement / 104 3.12 The Impact of Domestic Violence / 105 3.13 Predictors of Mental Health Symptoms / 106 3.14 Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder / 106 3.15 Comparisons with Other Samples / 106 3.16 Help-Seeking / 107 3.17 Opinions on ‘Onur’ and ‘Namus’ / 109
4 Discussion / 110
4.1 Main Results on Health, Coping, Acculturation and Help-Seeking / 110 4.2 Risk Profiles - The Impact of Internal Displacement / 111 4.3 Methodological Considerations / 113 4.4 Practical and Clinical Implications / 115
Chapter III — Recommendations / 116
Chapter IV — Appendices: / 119
1. Testimonies of Kurdish Refugee Women / 119
1.1 Case 1 — Diyarbakir - Turkey / 119 1.2 Case 2 - Sweden / 124 1.3 Case 3 - Germany / 125 1.4 Case 4 — Germany / 127 1.5 Case 5 - The Netherlands / 130
2 Feedback of a Woman Participating in the Research / 134 3 Questionnaire / 138
Chapter V - Bibliography / 167 |