Contents
Foreword / 7
Preface / 9
Abbreviations / 11
Introduction / 13
Cuneiform writing / 15
Chronology / 17
First Millennium / 18
Late Second Millennium / 18
Late Third Millennium-Early Second Millennium / 18
Overview of the sources / 19
Uruk Period (4000-3000 BC) / 19
Early Dynastic Period (3000-2334 BC) / 19
Akkadian Period (2334-2193 BC) / 19
Gutian Period (2193-2120 BC) / 20
Ur IH (2120-2004 BC) / 20
0Id Assyrian/Old Babylonian (2004-1595 BC) / 20
Middle Assyrian (1595-1000 BC) / 21
Neo-Assyrian (1000-612 BC) / 21
Neo-Babylonian Empire (612-539 BC) / 22
Achaemenid (539-330 BC) / 22
Hellenistic/Seleucid (330-126 BC) / 22
Parthian (126 BC- 224 AD) / 22
The name of Erbil / 24
Historical Analysis / 25
Erbil in the Gutian Period / 26
Erbil in the Ur III Period / 26
Erbil in the early second millennium / 27
Erbil in the Middle Assyrian Period / 28
Erbil in the Neo-Assyrian period / 29
Istar of Arbail / 32
Milkia / 35
Erbil in the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Periods / 36
Summary: from Erridu-Pizir to Alexander / 38
Iltar of Arbail / 40
Egalankalamma / 41
Milkia / 43
Conclusion / 43
The Sources / 45
Third Millennium Sources / 46
Ebla Texts / 46
Gutian Sources / 47
Erridu-Pisgr / 47
Ur III Sources / 48
Year names / 48
Year name for Shulgi year 45 / 49
Year name for Amar-Sin year 2 / 49
Votive Inscription / 50
Administrative Texts / 50
Texts from Girsu / 50
Texts from Drehem / 50
Early Second Millennium Sources / 52
Middle Assyrian Sources / 55
Historical sources / 56
Votive inscription / 57
Administrative texts / 57
Neo-Assyrian Sources / 67
Historical Texts / 67
Chronicles / 67
King Lists / 67
Assur-dan II (934-912 BC) / 68
Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 BC) / 68
Shalmaneser III (858-824 BC) / 69
Samsi-Adad V (823-811 BC) / 69
Sennacherib (704-681 BC) / 71
Esarhaddon (680-669 BC) / 72
Ashurbanipal (668-627 BC) / 74
Epigraphs prepared for reliefs / 81
Grants I edicts / 82
Votive Inscription / 83
Til Barsip Stele / 83
Administrative texts / 84
Oracular Pronouncements and Divination / 105
Oracular Pronouncements / 105
Divination / 109
Hymns and Ritual texts / 109
If tar of Arbail / 115
Royal inscriptions / 115
Treaties / 115
Letter formulae / 116
Personal names / 117
Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Sources / 118
Historical texts / 118
Neo-Babylonian Chronicle / 118
Behistun / 119
Administrative texts / 120
Babylonian / 120
Elamite / 120
Aramaic / 121
Astronomical Diary / 122
Bibliography / 123
Maps
The location of Erbil / 14
The Ur III empire / 26
The empire of Shamshi-Adad I / 27
The Middle Assyrian empire / 28
The Neo-Assyrian empire / 29
The Neo-Bablylonian empire / 37
The Achaemenid empire / 38
Sennacherib’s underground canal / 70 | 
