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The Kurdish Safe Haven in Iraq


Auteur :
Éditeur : Spîrêz سپیرێز Date & Lieu : 2005-01-01, Duhok
Préface : Pages : 502
Traduction : ISBN :
Langue : AnglaisFormat : 160x230mm
Code FIKP : Liv. Eng. Zeb. Kur. N° 5075Thème : Politique

Présentation
Table des Matières Introduction Identité PDF
The Kurdish Safe Haven in Iraq


The Kurdish Safe Haven in Iraq


Dindar Farzenda Zubier


Spîrêz


This study examines the circumstances and events that led to the unprecedented creation of an international Safe Haven in Northern Iraq; the events that culminated in the refugee crisis of March 1991, when 2 million Kurds fled from their homes and communities to the mountains of Northern Iraq. Turkey and Iran. It explores the history, culture and ethnic identity of these people and how their story and political status today relates to the history of the Iraqi state. The study analyses the geopolitical and historical content of the debates surrounding the ongoing search for Kurdish identity, presents suggestions for the creation of a Kurdish state and critically analyses the international community’s responsibility to the peoples of northern Iraq, following the end of the 2ⁿd Gulf War in 1991.
The study takes a look from the wider perspective of world politics to understand what is happening in Kurdistan, and explores how international political agreements have shaped the fate of the Kurds throughout history up to the present day, noting the influence of governments, global corporations and organizations far removed from Kurdistan. The study reflects on the various Kurdish movements and leaderships that have come into being and who hold claims to the governing of the region.
Further, it examines the extent to which the 2ⁿd Gulf War in particular acted as a catalyst for the creation of a Safe Haven in Kurdistan and reviews the recent growth in international interest in human rights and increased media calls for humanitarian aid for the Kurds; calls that have since been repeated elsewhere in the world, Bosnia and Kosovo for example.
It also shows, with original fieldwork, examples of what the Kurdish people have actually claimed to want for themselves and it proposes a possible future model for international interventions, answering the questions: what jurisdiction exists for intervention and what form of intervention should take place in cases like Iraqi Kurdistan?


Table des Matières

Contents

Abstract / 9
Acknowledgment / 11
List of Abbreviations / 13
Outline Chronology of Events / 15

Chapter 1. Introduction / 19
Aims and Objectives of this Thesis / 27
Methodology / 31

Chapter 2. Introducing the Kurds / 43
An Identity Crisis / 43
Homelessness / 44
A Bit of History / 49
Acknowledging History / 55
Acknowledging Diversity / 59

Chapter 3. Where Did the Problem Start? / 63
A Disputed Region / 63
How Iraq came to be / 68
How Oil has affected the Issue of Kurdish Autonomy / 74
Iran and Iraq war / 80
The Gulf War and resulting refugee crisis / 84;

Chapter 4. Who would lead a self-determining Kurdish state / 97
Why listen to the Kurds / 97
Barzani and the establishing of a new state / 98
Introducing the different parties / 101
The Kurdish Resistance / 104
Claims to power / 110

Chapter 5. International Treaties and Obligations / 119
Self interested policies / 119
The League of Nations and the UN Charter / 120
The Geneva Conventions and Resolution 688 / 126
The 11th of March 1970 Agreement / 130
Human Rights violations / 133
The use of biological and chemical weapons / 145
Kurds as indigenous people / 148
Iraq as a state party and deportation of Kurds / 151
The Kurds and their race (Iraq) / 153
Iraqi government refusal / 155
International reaction / 156

Chapter 6. Behind the Scenes of International Politics / 159
Western war mythology / 159
Problems in the UN / 172
Sanctions / 176
What have Sanctions to do with long-term dependency? / 188
Are we really discussing Human Rights? / 194
The Contradictions of US Human Rights policies / 196

Chapter 7. Safe Haven / 203
What does Safe Haven mean? / 203
Economic and political forces in the Safe Haven / 208
International Aid within Kurdistan / 223
Resources within Kurdistan / 227
Ethnicity within the Safe Haven / 235
The Safe Haven - A Military Predicament / 237
The Bosnia Mess / 249
The Kosovo Mess / 255
A War with no Casualties / 263
Short-term politics / 267
The International Criminal Tribunal and taking responsibility / 270
The Dominant Powers and the Safe Haven / 275
Turkey and the Safe Haven / 290
Iran and the Safe Haven / 298

Chapter 8. What could happen? / 305
Looking to the Future - International Relations Theories / 305
Realism / 316
Globalisation / 323
Empiricism / 325
Orientalism / 326
The Meaning of Self Determination / 328
Removing Saddam Hussein from power / 331
Parallel aims - Self-determination for the Palestinians / 333
Federalism - For and Against / 336
Ostopolitik - How the Germans did it / 342
Trusteeship - or signing your life away? / 349
Saddam’s Suggestion / 352

Chapter 9. Possibilities for the future / 357
Indecent Proposals / 357
Rules of Engagement / 369
International Reaction / 375
What do the Kurds want to happen? / 382

Chapter 10. Conclusions / 387
Bibliography / 409
Books & Articles / 409
Reports / 422
Newspapers / 429
Interviews / 434

Appendix 1: List of questions from fieldwork conducted on Iraqi / 437

Appendix 2: Published works by Piris Zebari / 439
An identity crisis / 442
Iraq and the Kurdish dilemma - An Identity Crisis / 445
Homelessness / 446

Appendix 3: Results of the Municipal Elections Conducted in Iraqi
Kurdistan on 26 May 2001 / 449

Appendix 4: KDP proposed constitution of the Iraqi
Kurdistan Region / 459
Appendix 5: UNSCR - 986 United Nations Resolution & Report: The KRG View / 479

Appendix 6 - UNSCR 688 / 485

Appendix 7: Political Statement of the Iraqi Opposition Conference (Iraqi Opposition Conference 14-16 December 2002) / 487

Appendix 8: Maps of Iraqi Kurdistan region  / 493




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