Gendered Experiences of Genocide

Auteur :

Éditeur : Ashgate	Date & Lieu : 2011-01-01, Oxford
Préface :	Pages : 218
Traduction :	ISBN : 978-0-7546-7715-4
Langue : Kurde	Format : 165 x 245 mm
Code FIKP : Liv. Eng. Har. Gen. N° 4708	Thème : Général

Présentation	Table des Matières	Introduction	Identité	PDF
Gendered Experiences of Genocide Choman Hardi Ashgate Between February and September 1988, the Iraqi government destroyed over 2,000 Kurdish villages, killing somewhere between 50,000 and 100,000 civilians and displacing many more. The operation was codenamed Anfal which literally means 'the spoils of war'. For the survivors of this campaign, Anfal did not end in September 1988: the aftermath of this catastrophe is as much a part of the Anfal story as the gas attacks, disappearances and life in the camps. This book examines Kurdish women's experience of destruction, gassing, forced displacement, the disappearance of loved ones, and incarceration during the Anfal campaign. It explores the survival strategies of these women in the aftermath of genocide. By bringing together and highlighting women's own testimonies, Choman Hardi reconstructs the Anfal narrative in contrast to the current prevailing one which is highly politicised, simplified, and nationalistic. It also addresses women's silences about sexual abuse and rape in a patriarchal society which holds them responsible for having been a victim of sexual violence. Gendered Experiences of Genocide is a valuable resource and a compelling account of Saddam Hussein's war against the Kurds. Dr Hardi's thorough study illuminates this underresearched subject with clarity and restraint, and her command of the facts and analysis of survivors' narratives make for gripping reading. It is a must read for anyone interested in gender and genocide. Myrna Goldenberg, Independent Scholar Abandoned by the outside world and the international community, these women's memories are a shuddering cry of desolation. This is a book about murder, suffering, and the illegal and terrible acts of those who had the power to decide the fate of so many. We who listen to and read these stories not only have much to learn from them; we must also strive to ensure that their urgent present day needs are met. Selma Leydesdorff, University of Amsterdam; writer on the voices of the women of Srebrenica


Table des Matières
Contents Preface / vii Acknowledgements / xi Introduction / 1 Why Research about Anfal Women / 3 Methodology and Sample / 7 1 The Anfal Campaign / 13 Background to the Anfal Campaign / 14 The Circumstances of the Anfal Attacks / 18 The September General Amnesty / 22 Anfal and the Question of Genocide / 24 Anfal Coverage: 1988 and Beyond / 31 Anfal and Silence / 33 Conclusion / 35 2 Women in Detention / 39 The Journeys / 41 The Camps / 48 Women’s Social Experiences in the Camps / 60 Conclusion / 74 3 Forcibly Displaced Civilians / 77 Refugees / 78 Internally Displaced Civilians / 93 Conclusion / 101 4 Survivors of the Gas Attacks / 103 The Gas Attacks / 105 Health Problems / 113 Available Aid / 118 Conclusion / 119 5 Rebuilding Life after Anfal: Employment, Poverty and Exploitation / 121 Accommodation / 123 Employment / 127 Poverty and Motherhood / 133 Exploitation in the Community / 137 Social Problems / 139 The Role of Women’s Organisations / 143 Services Provided by the Kurdish Government / 146 Loss of the Farming Community / 151 Conclusion / 154 6 The Psychological Consequences of Mass Violence / 157 Loss and Trauma / 158 Survivors’ Psychological Reactions to Anfal / 159 Coping with Anfal / 170 Women’s Narratives, Representation and Voice / 177 Addressing Women’s Needs / 183 Conclusion / 185 7 Learning from Women Survivors of Anfal / 189 Representation in the Media / 190 The Severed Connections / 192 Pursuit of Justice / 193 Closure and Mourning / 194 Recommendations / 195 Social Change: An Aborted Opportunity / 197 Afterword and Personal Reflections / 199 References / 203 Index / 213