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The Kurdish Republic of 1946


Auteur :
Éditeur : Oxford University Press Date & Lieu : 1963, London
Préface : Pages : 142
Traduction : ISBN :
Langue : AnglaisFormat : 140x215 mm
Code FIKP : Lp. Gen. 83Thème : Histoire

Présentation
Table des Matières Introduction Identité PDF
The Kurdish Republic of 1946


The Kurdish Republic of 1946

This book gives the first complete account of the short-lived Kurdish Republic of Mahabad, created in 1946 in north-west Iran in the shadow of the Soviet-inspired `autonomous' Republic of Iranian Azerbaijan. Both republics came into being after the Second World War but during the Soviet occupation of northern Persia under the Anglo-Soviet-Iranian Treaty of 1942, and both collapsed seven months after the withdrawal of Rus¬sian troops in May 1946. The scarcity of information about this obscure series of events, which cannot be pieced together from written sources since the Kurds concerned destroyed all written evidence of their involve¬ment, has hitherto given rise to a good deal of confusion, especially regarding the role of the Soviet Union, the relations between Azerbaijan and Kurdistan, the nature of Kurdish nationalism, and the personality of the principal Kurdish leaders, including Qazi Muhammad of Mahabad and the Iraqi Kurd, Mulla Mustafa Barzani.

The author, who is a member of the United States Foreign Service, gather¬ed the material for this study during 1954-5 when he was stationed at Kurkuk in Iraq and during 1959-61 when living in Tabriz. He was able to interview a number of Kurds, Turks, Persians, and Arabs who recalled the events of 1946-7. He thus throws new light not only on the Mahabad Republic but on the Kurdish nationalist move¬ment, which still remains a live issue, as the Kurdish revolt in northern Iraq in 1961-2 bears witness.


Table des Matières

CONTENTS

Preface / v
I HISTORY / 1
Before 1800, I ; The Nineteenth Century, 4;
The First World War, 9 ; Between the Wars, II

II THE SECOND WORLD WAR / 14
The Russians, the Kurds, and the War, 14;
Kurdish Tribes in Iran, 16; The First Visit
to Baku, 23

III MAHABAD / 25
The Police Station, 25; The Town, 26; The
People, 27; Minorities and Religion, 28; Qazi
Muhammad, 3o

IV THE KOMALA / 33
The Founding, 33; The Central Committee, 34;
Expansion, 35; Greater Kurdistan, 36; Qazi's
Membership, 39; A Kurdish Opera, 39; Azerbai-
jan and Kurdistan, 41

V THE SECOND VISIT TO BAKU / 43

VI THE BARZANIS / 47
Their Past, 47; Tribal Life, 49; Mulla Mustafa
Returns, 51; The 1945 Revolt, 53

VII PRELUDE TO THE REPUBLIC / 55
Rifles, 55 ; Barzanis and Associates, 55; The
Democratic Party of Kurdistan, 56; Azerbaijani
Autonomy, 59; Kurdish Autonomy, 6o
 
VIII THE REPUBLIC FORMED / 62
22 January 1946, 62; The Russian Presence, 64;
The Cabinet, 67

IX MARCH / 72
The Iranian Case, 72; In Tabriz, 74; The
Barzanis at Mahabad, 75; Tabriz Again, 76; A
Mahabad Army, 77

X APRIL / 80
The International Setting, 8o; The Kurdistan—
Azerbaijan Territorial Dispute, 8o; The Kurdish-
Azerbaijani Treaty, 81; Students for the USSR,
83 ; Qahrawa, 85

XI MAY / 87
Tobacco, 87; Iran and Azerbaijan, 88; The Big
Offensive, 89 ; Negotiations, 92 ; Irano-Azerbai-
jani Agreement, 93

XII JUNE / 95
Mamashah, 95; Concerning the Offensive, 97;
Détente and Truce, 99

XIII JULY / 100
Conditions in the Republic, too; Soviet Influence
and Political Tendencies, 102 ; The Northern
Front, 104

XIV INTERLUDE / 106
Meeting in Tehran, Io6; Iranian Decisions, Io6;
Final Alignments, 108

XV THE END / 111
The Fall of Azerbaijan, III ; The Fall of Maha-
bad, 11 2 ; Arms and Arrests, 116; The Alvand
Plan, 117 ; In Baku, 118
 
XVI THE AFTERMATH / 119
The Barzanis Again, 119; Decision in Mahabad,
121; A Final Scene, 126

XVII EPILOGUE / 130
APPENDICES
I-THE FIRST VISIT TO BAKU / 133
II-THE FOUNDERS OF THE KOMALA / 133
III-THE SECOND VISIT TO BAKU / 133
IV-MEMBERS OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE
DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF KURDISTAN IN 1946 AND
THE CABINET / 134
V-MEMBERS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE
DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF KURDISTAN FORMED IN
MAY 1946 / 134
VI-DIRECTORS-GENERAL AND OTHER PERSONALITIES
OF THE KURDISH REPUBLIC, 1946 / 135
VII-AN INCOMPLETE LIST OF KURDISH ARMY OFFICERS / 136

Index / 137


ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATES
1 On a road in Kurdistan (Iraq)
2 `Faqraqa' : an early Median tomb near Qum Qaleh, ten miles from Mahabad
3 Ismail Agha `Simko' at the height of his influence, c. 1921
4 Shaikh Abdullah Effendi Gilani in 1961
5 The Mahabad Police Station (1961)
6 Chom i Sauj Bulaqeh and Mahabad (1961)
7 Faqih (theological students) in a street of Mahabad (1961)
8 Kurdish girls of Mahabad
9 Children in Gazgasek village, west of Mahabad (1960)
10 Mahabad (1961)
11 Street auction in Mahabad (1961)
12 Entrance to Saqqiz from the Baneh road (1961)
13 Mulla Mustafa Barzani (1946)
14 In the bombed-out house of the Shaikhs of Barzan (1955)
15 Muhammad Agha Mergasor, Chief of the Shirwan tribe (Barzani) below police post destroyed by Mulla Mustafa in 1945 (1955)
16 26 of Azar (17 December 1945) : Iranian flag replaced by Kurdish flag at the Mahabad Department of Justice
17 Proclamation of the Republic
18 Mahabad, 1946
19 The Cabinet and other officials, Mahabad, February 1946
20 Chiana village near Naqadeh, spring 1946
21 Officers of the Mahabad army




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