The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists
B. Heyndrickx
University of Ghent
It is with his warmest congratulations that the Minister of Science Policy of Belgium — who I have the honor to represent — wellcomes the participants at the Second World Congress on «Compounds in Biological and Chemical Warfare : Toxicological Evaluation. Industrial Chemical Disasters», organized these coming days at the State University of Ghent. During this century, a fast scientific and technological evolution, especially in biology and chemistry, has produced large benefits for mankind: everyday's life and work became much easier by the introduction of many new products and processes.
Moreover due to the progress in medicine and bio-sciences, many illnesses which ravaged before entire ...
Table of Contents
Part I A capillary gas-chromatographic method for the identification of drugs of abuse in urine samples. Caldwell R. (Great-Britain). / 70 A computerized colour-coded TLC system for the identification of unknown compounds in biological fluids. Ward N., Dawling S. and Essex E.G. (Great-Britain) / 124 Acute oral poisoning and death from antimony potassium tartrate. PARISIS N.E., VANHEULE A. and Heyndrickx A. (Belgium) / 216 Acute poisoning with chlorinated phenoxy herbicides in man : analytical and clinical aspects. Flanagan R.J., Ruprah M. and O’connell M. (Great-Britain) / 164 Address pronounced at the opening of the 23rd European International Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists and the Second World Congress «New Compounds in Biological and Warfare : Toxicological Evaluation, Industrial Chemical Disasters, Civil Protection and Treatment ». Heyndrick A. (Belgium) / 5 Address pronounced at the opening of the 23rd European International Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists and the Second World Congress «New Compounds in Biological and Chemical Warfare: Toxicological Evaluation, Industrial Chemical Disasters, Civil Protection and Treatment». Verhofstadt G. (Belgium) / 9 Address pronounced at the opening of the 23rd European International Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists and the Second World Congress «New Compounds in Biological and Chemical Warfare : Toxicological Evaluation, Industrial Chemical Disasters, Civil Protection and Treatment». Wynakker R. (Belgium) / 11 Address pronounced at the opening of the 23rd European International Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists and the Second World Congress «New Compounds in Biological and Chemical Warfare : Toxicological Evaluation, Industrial Chemical Disasters, Civil Protection and Treatment». Brandenberger H. (Switzerland). / 13 A fatal poisoning by digitalis. Cornet A., Wauters A., Cordonnier J. and Heyndrickx A. (Belgium) / 240 Aluminium in organs from person exposed for an aluminium-bomb. Kaempe B. and Thomsen J. (Denmark) / 314 Analysis of data from a drug abuse screening service. Widdop B. and Caldwell R. (Great-Britain) / 61 Analysis of primary bioactive amines by positive and negative ion mass spectrometry of their isothiocyanates. Yamada M. and Brandenberger H. (Japan) / 165 Appraisal of wide bore capillary columns for drug analysis in forensic toxicology. Japp M., Gill R., Osselton M.D. and Cordonnier J. (Great-Britain) / 172 A review of fatal cases involving drugs of abuse. Paterson S., Smith Gt„ Hucker R.S., Russell K. And Minty P.S.B. (Great-Britain) / 92 A statistical study on the results of toxicological analyses carried out at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology from 1976 to 1983. Ozkazanc A.N. (Turkey) / 143 A study on the metabolism of methamphetamine in its abusers. Kojima T., Une L, Yashiki M., Miyazaki T., Chikasue F. And Tsukue I. (Japan) / 396 Capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of explosives. Tamiri T. and Zitrin S. (Israel) / 347 Chronic intoxication by man due to thallium sulfate with recovery. Heyndrickx B. (Belgium) / 277 Conclusions — General Assembly. 23rd European International Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists and the Second World Congress « New Compounds in Biological and Chemical Warfare : Toxicological Evaluation, Industrial Chemical Disasters, Civil Protection and Treatment ». Heyndrickx A. (Belgium) / 637 Correction of Hplc-Ri values enables interlaboratory comparison of data obtained on different ODS phases. Bogusz M. (Poland). / 136 Decomposition products of Petn in post explosion analysis. Basch A., Margalit Y., Abramovich-Bar S., Daphna D., Tamiri T., Zitrin S. and Bamberger Y. (Israel) / 322 Determination of morphine in exhumed corpse. Modras Z. and Raszeja S. (Poland) / 86 Drug level variation in whole blood samples after storage in different containers. Christophersen A.S. and Wethe G.H. (Norway) / 395 Effect of radiation in a single exposure on rabbits. Abdel Aal A.G.E., Bakery H.H., Arif H. and Abdelsadik Y. (Egypt) / 373 Epidemiological study of poisoning in the area of Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa. VAN Der Merwe P.J., Hundt H.K.L., Terblanche S„ Potgieter L. and Bekker M. (South Africa)./ 362 Etk — an operational explosive testing kit. Almog J., Kraus S., Glattstein B. and Bamberger Y. (Israel) / 332 Extractions with liquid carbon dioxide. Brandenberger H. and Schneider P. (Switzerland) / 212 Fatal cases of poisoning in Denmark following ingestion of morphine from opium poppies. Steentoft A. and Worm K. (Denmark) / 103 First aid treatment as an important source of drugs in serum and urine of traffic victims. Hausmann E., Moeller M.R. and Otte D. (Germany) / 28 Forensic chemistry on post-mortem material from fire victims. Christensen H. and Steentoft A. (Denmark). / 203 Forensic toxicology — Western Australian experiences. Mclinden V.J. (Australia) / 18 Gas chromatographic determination of codeine in whole blood. Wethe G.H. and Gulliksen M. (Norway) / 50 Gas chromatographic determination of underivatized amphetamine in whole blood. Christophersen A.S., Dahlin E. and Pettersen G. (Norway) / 69 How to interpret the unexpected analytical results of a «common» euthanasia case. UGES D.R.A. (The Netherlands) / 191 Hypervitaminosis A, as cause of death by a psoriasis patient. Van Den Broeck A. and Heyndrickx A. (Belgium) / 307 Incidence of drugs of abuse in newborns in Los Angeles. Walberg C. (U.S.A.) / 55 Influence of biological matrix on retention behavior and identification possibilities of selected neutral and acidic drugs in thin-layer chromatography. An interlaboratory investigation. Bogusz M„ Franke J.P., Wijsbeek J. And De Zeeuw R.A. (Poland) / 163 Ion-pair extraction of basic drugs from enzyme digested livers. Ojanpera I. and Lillsunde P. (Finland) / 406 Maprotiline intoxications. Worm K. and Steentoft A. (Denmark) Morphine/morphine metabolite ratios in blood after heroin overdose. Spiehler V.R. (U.S.A.) / 85 N-Acetylation phenotype of patients with bladder cancer. Sardas S., Karakaya A.E., Cok L„ Sardas O.S. And Gogüs O. (Turkey) / 45 Nicotine and cotinine detection in biological fluids and nicotine detection in filters of smoked cigarettes : a new method. Teeuwen H.W.A., Aalders R.J.W., Haverkamp R.W., Van Rossum J.M. And Maes R.A.A. (The Netherlands) / 404 Organochlorine pesticides in human adipose tissue collected in Ankara (Turkey) 1984-1985. Karakaya A.E. and Ozalp S. (Turkey) / 379 Pharmacokinetic studies of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the racing greyhound. Marshall D.E., Anderson R.A. and Smith H. (Scotland) / 110 Piracetam in drug abuse. Martinez D.T Gimenez Map., Menendez M. and Repetto M. (Spain) / 41 Post explosion analysis of explosives by mass spectrometric methods. Zitrin S. and Tamiri T. (Israel) / 337 Post mortem changes in drug levels — a common phenomenon? Jones G.R. (Canada) / 29 Recommended thin layer chromatographic systems for systematic toxicological analysis with a data bank of RF values on some 1100 toxicologically relevant substances. De Zeeuw R.A., Moffat A.C., Franke J.P., Finkle B.S., Môller M.R. And Mueller R.K. (The Netherlands) / 122 Screening by gas chromatography using widebore fused silica capillary columns. Temperature dependent behaviour of retention indices. Franke J.P., Wijsbeek J. and De Zeeuw R.A. (The Netherlands) / 112 Screening of organophosphorous pesticides : a case of fenitro-thion and malathion intoxication. Yashiki M.T Kojima T., Miyazaki T„ Chikasue F. and Ohtani M. (Japan) / 366 Separation of organochlorine insecticides, PCBs, PCDFs and TCDD : applicability to the ecotoxicological analysis of human milk samples. Sookvanichsilp N., Heyndrickx B„ Heyndrickx A. and Thiery M. (Belgium) / 264 Significance of kerosene components detected in 2 burned bodies from criminological aspects. Nagata T.R Kimura K. and Hara K. (Japan) / 198 Solid-phase extraction using C-18 columns in the HPLC determination of drugs in biological fluids. DE GROOT G. (The Netherlands) / 152 Some problems concerning narcotic drugs used in Poland. Kala M. and Borkowski T. (Poland) / 98 Study on the factors influencing the variability of retention index values in high-pressure liquid chromatography. Bogusz M„ Franke J.P., Aderjan R. and De Zeeuw R.A. (Poland) / 121 Systematic analysis of volatile substances by gas chromatography. Franke J.P., Wijsbeek J., De Zeeuw R.A. and Môller M. (The Netherlands) / 137 The combination of on-line gas chromatography with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry for chemical toxicology. Brandenberger H. and Wittenwiler P. (Switzerland) / 231 The cross reactivity of some opiate immunoassays to non-prescribed narcotics. Hucker R.S. and Minty P.S.B. (Great-Britain) / 104 The measurement of glucose levels in biological specimens and its application in forensic toxicology. Fysh R.R. (Great-Britain) / 246 Toxicological analysis of organochlorine phytopharmaceuticals and PCBs in commercial milk products. Sookvanichsilp N.. Heyndrickx B. and Heyndrickx A. (Belgium) / 254 Toxicology and fatal intoxication due to dextromoramide (Palfium®). Heyndrickx B. (Belgium) / 285 Toxicology and fatal intoxication by man due to parathion. Heyndrickx B. (Belgium) / 299 Toxicology of an acute thallium intoxication by man 10 years after death. Heyndrickx B. (Belgium) / 281 Toxicology of Undeen. A fatal intoxication in man by carbamate pesticide. Heyndrickx B. (Belgium) / 291 Uptake of metals by some selected mushroom species. Parisis N.E., Van Den Heede M.A. and Heyndrickx A.M. (Belgium). / 384 Use of fused silica capillary columns for the separation of organochlorine insecticides. Sookvanichsilp N„ Heyndrickx B. And Heyndrickx A. (Belgium) / 260 Why should human toxicologists perform veterinary toxicological analysis? Wennig R. (Luxembourg) / 36
Part II A polymer coating to reduce or eliminate surface contamination by chemical and biological agents. Schofield G.M., Byers S.L. and Locci R. (Great-Britain) / 524 Applicability of capillary gas chromatography to the identification of chemical warfare agents and simulants by means of retention indices. Cordonnier J. and Heyndrickx A. (Belgium) / 500 Chemical accidents. Role and responsibility of a poison centre. Kulling P. (Sweden) / 416 Chemical weapons : chaos and misunderstanding. FRANSE M., Westbroek H., Hielkema W„ Jahromi S„ Bonn D. and Stunnenberg F. (The Netherlands) / 631 Clinical and paraclinical findings in 233 patients with sulfur mustard poisoning. Balali-Mood M. and Navaeian A. (Iran) / 464 Clinical history and autopsy observations associated with the toxicological findings in an Iranian soldier exposed to Yperite (Mustard gas). Coppens M., Roels H„ Van Den Heede M. and Heyndrickx A. (Belgium) / 542 Combat casualty resuscitation in the contaminated environment. Shortt J. (Great-Britain) / 636 Dermatological aspects of intoxication by mustard gas. Vossaert K.. Geerts M.L., De Bersaques J. and Kint A. (Belgium) / 511 Detection of mustard gas in urine by high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Vycudilik W. (Austria) / 584 Effects of the radioactive cloud of Tsjernobyl on Italy: the prevention measures applied by the Italian government to avoid an industrial chemical disaster. Malizia E„ Pirovine C.. Cesta M.G. and Borgo S. (Italy) / 425 Evolution of serum and erythrocyte magnesiumlevels in patients, attacked by the chemical warfare agent mustard gas (Yperite). Dhont S., Cordonnier J., Vanheule A. and Heyndrickx A. (Belgium) / 483 First report of delayed toxic effects of Yperite poisoning in Iranian fighters. Balali-Mood M. (Iran) / 489 Mass poisoning with chlorine in a public swimming hall : critical evaluation of the disaster management and the medical treatment. Kqppel C., Martens F. and Ibe K. (Germany) / 421 Medical use of mustard gas derivatives : a review. Crombez R. (Belgium) / 474 Mycotoxins «yellow» rain and food contamination. Malizia E., Pirovine C. and Cesta M.G. (Italy) / 496 Negative ion chemical ionization of macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins. Rosen J.D., Rosen R.T. and Hartman T.G. (U.S.A.) / 461 One year after the catastrophy of Bhopal : toxicology of the environment. Heyndrickx B. and Heyndrickx A. (Belgium) / 431 Regulatory approach to safety of industrial installations : the " Seveso » directive. Jourdan L. (Begium) / 456 Report and conclusion of the biological samples of men, intoxicated by war gases, sent to the Department of Toxicology, State University of Ghent, for toxicological investigation. Heyndrickx B. (Belgium) / 553 Report of three fatal cases of war gas poisoning. Balali-Mood M., Farhoodi M. And Panjvani F.K. (Iran) / 475 The clinics and therapy of victims of war gases. COLARDYN F., De Keyser K„ Vogelaers D. and Vandenbogaerde J. (Belgium) / 506 The principles of formation of the military personnel against chemical and biological weapons. MEYER C. (France) / 622 The toxicological analysis of chemical warfare agents in samples originating from Iranian soldiers. Heyndrickx A. and Van Den Heede M. (Belgium) / 598 Toxicological chemical reactions between MIC (methylisocya-nate) and human blood. Heyndrickx B. and Heyndrickx A. (Belgium) / 451 Treatment of intoxicated soldiers by war gases. Neyrinck B., Wauters A. and Heyndrickx A. (Belgium) / 539 Treatment of organophosphorus poisoning : pharmaceutical aspects of antidotes. Briggs C.J. and Simons K.J. (Canada) / 514 Yperite concentrations in the tissues of a victim of a vesicant exposure. Drasch G., Kretschmer E„ Kauert G. and V. Meyer L. (Germany) / 592
EDITORIAL
by A. Heyndrickx
Chairman of the Congress Deportment of Toxicology, State University of Ghent Hospitaalstraat 13 . 9000 Ghent. Belgium
Honourable Vice-Prime Minister, Honourable Past Rector, Ladies and Gentlemen,
For the second time at the State University of Ghent in Belgium, we are having the World Congress on Chemical and Biological Warfare. We have also as a subject the Industrial Disasters. As toxicologists we are interested in the Environment, we have to deal with it every day.
Since the First World Congress, chemical warfare in the Gulf Region is still going on. We had the opportunity to treat all over Europe in University Clinics many patients who were suffering from those attacks. It is a pleasure that many of the scientists who were treating them are here today to discuss with you their experiences and how we could improve the decontamination and also the suffering of men. Since then also we have had chemical disasters as in Bhopal (India), by Union Carbide, and we can also evaluate what was going on in air, water and soil pollution and how we should treat them. This year, it is 10 years ago that in Seveso, Hofmann-La Roche, the company lcmesa, caused the so dangerous intoxication by dioxines for people living around the factory where we had also to evacuate many in order to prevent a further subacute intoxication or even a chronic one.
It means that today more and more society has to deal not only in the Western industrialized World, with those possibilities. We have to see with the technology we have today how we can improve it in order to avoid such catastrophies. At the same time the responsibilities for the governments to have disaster plans, if something would occur today that we could prevent such disasters, and at the same time take the responsibilities for citizens so that we can protect them and that we can avoid such catastrophies.
Technology has changed the last decades going to massive production of some intermediates which can be so toxic and even more dangerous than chemical warfare agents today. Many of those chemicals we need, we cannot avoid them because we have to produce compounds that society today expects. It means that the responsible engineers, chemists, pharmacists, physicians, all of them evaluate the dangers, see what we can accept and apply a technology that could protect us from such disasters. It means also that in developing countries, before we can start up such factories, we have to rely on specialists who can control in the same manner as we do in the Western industrialized world using the same standards of production, maintenance following, and engineering. If that is not the case and if we don’t have the necessary specialists, such factories should not be installed and working.
In these fields of toxicology and pathology where we have new intoxications to detect and to treat, where for many chemicals we don’t even have antidotes, everyone understands that we have to be much more careful than in the past. I agree that always there will be a calculated risk, that we cannot avoid and at the same time we cannot stop the industry from going ahead, but all those parameters have to come together and have to be evaluated. This and World Congress where we were adding those chapters, brings together specialists from all parts of the world.
I hope that their knowledge and fruitful discussions, we will have during those three days, will be useful for all governments and at the same time for industry. Today public health is the most important parameter for the future. If those compounds don’t bring anything forward, what’s the use of it and what's the use to produce them. So I hope that in this field we will be able in The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists and in other scientific societies to solve those problems.
It is a pleasure that the 23rd Annual Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists meets for the 3rd time in Ghent again. This society, started in London by Dr. Curry, also Dr. Honoris Causa of our University this year, has more than one thousand members all over the world, seeing each other regularly. It is a pleasure that they are with us again as they were also by the first centennial celebration of the Department of Toxicology here in Ghent in 1976. They accepted the invitation to come again here as we have done many times in the friendly atmosphere, helping each other in this very difficult field of toxicology.
In the section of Terrorism, TIAFT members will discuss the new techniques of evaluating explosives, the residual analysis and detection, field of great concern in the Western World and the mediterranian region. Air-port safety and control are at risk, forensic toxicology plays a big part in it.
To our present President Dr. McLinden and also to our past chairman Prof. Brandenberger and all of you who are in Ghent, welcome.
Allocution
by His Excellency Mr. C. Verhofstadt Vice-Prime Minister. Minister of Science Policy
It is with his warmest congratulations that the Minister of Science Policy of Belgium — who I have the honor to represent — wellcomes the participants at the Second World Congress on «Compounds in Biological and Chemical Warfare : Toxicological Evaluation. Industrial Chemical Disasters», organized these coming days at the State University of Ghent. During this century, a fast scientific and technological evolution, especially in biology and chemistry, has produced large benefits for mankind: everyday's life and work became much easier by the introduction of many new products and processes.
Moreover due to the progress in medicine and bio-sciences, many illnesses which ravaged before entire communities, cities and even countries, are today eliminated — at least in the industrial Western World, I would like to say unfortunately only in the Industrial World.
However this progress of sciences led also to the development and often to the introduction on the battlefield of new, ever more devastating weapons. Our country was the testing ground of this new generating of so called C-weapons. Indeed as it is well known, during the First World War, chemical weapons were used massively on the battlefields of the Flanders, only a few miles away from this city of Ghent.
This is, among others, one of the reasons why the Belgium community and its scientists are so sensitive to the consequences of the use of chemical and biological weapons, which potentially can be as destructive as nuclear weapons.
Apart its military use, the rapid development of the biological and chemical sciences and its. ever growing applications introduces the risk of industrial accidents, such as the Bhopal disaster. .....
B. Heyndrickx
The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists
University of Ghent
University of Ghent The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists B. Heyndrickx
The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists 23rd European International Meeting Terrorism: Analysis and Detection of Explosives
Second World Congress New Compounds In Biological And Chemical Warfare: Toxicological Evaluation Industrial Chemical Disasters Civil Protection And Treatment
Ghent, August 24-27, 1986
Proceedings
Edited by : Dr. B. Heyndrickx . M.D. Department of Toxicology State University of Ghent Belgium
Sponsored by the National Ministry of Education, the Flanders Government the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ghent and the National Science Foundation. Belgium
Honorary Committee
His Excellency Mr. J. Gol, Vice-Prime Minister, Minister of Justice. His Excellency Mr. G. Verhofstadt, Vice-Prime Minister, Minister of Budget, Scientific Policy and Plan. His Excellency Mr. Ch. Nothomb, Vice-Prime Minister, Minister of Internal Affairs. His Excellency Mr. F.X. De Donnea, Minister of Defense. His Excellency Mr. L. Tindemans, Minister of Foreign Affairs. His Excellency Mr. D. Coens, Minister of Education. His Excellency Mr. J. Buchmann, Minister of the Middle Class. His Excellency Mr. Ph. Maystadt, Minister of Economic Affairs. His Excellency Mr. M. Eyskens, Minister of Finance. His Excellency Mr. L. Olivier. Minister of Public Works. His Excellency Mr. M. Hansenne, Minister of Labour. His Excellency Mr. H. De Croo, Minister of Traffic and Foreign Trade. His Excellency Mr. J.L. Dehaene, Minister of Social Affairs and Institutional Affairs. His Excellency Mr. A. Damseaux, Minister of National Education. His Excellency Mr. J. Lenssens, Minister of Public Health and the Environment. His Excellency Mr. G. Geens, President of the Flanders Government. His Excellency Mr. W. De Clerco, Minister of State, Member of the Commission. The Honourable Prof. L. De Meyer, Rector of the State University of Ghent. The Honourable Prof. H. Balthazar, Governor of the Province of East-Flanders. The Honourable Mr. J. Monsaert, Mayor of the City of Ghent.
Organizing Committee
Prof. A. Vercruysse, Free University of Brussels (Dutch), Belgium. Prof. C. Heusghem, State University of Liège, Belgium. Prof. R. Maes, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Scientific Committee. Prof. R. Dierkens, State University of Ghent, Belgium. Prof. P. Ghysbrecht, State University of Ghent, Belgium. Prof. A. Vermeulen, State University of Ghent, Belgium.
C.I.P. Koninklijke Bibuotheek Albert I 348519 Heyndrickx, Bruno
The International Association of forensic toxicologists: 23rd European International meeting: terrorism: analysis and detection of explosives : second world congress: new compounds In biological and chemical warfare: toxicological evaluation, Industrial chemical disasters, civil protection and treatment: Ghent, August 24-27, 1986 / Bruno Heyndrickx - Gent: Rijksunlversltelt te Gent. Facultelt van de farmaceutlsche wetenschappen. Laboratorium voor Toxicologie, 1987. -664 p.: 192 III.; 16 X 24 cm.
