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Kurdish identity, discourse, and new media


Editor : Palgrave Macmillan Date & Place : 2011, New York
Preface : Pages : 252
Traduction : ISBN : 978–0–230–10985–8
Language : EnglishFormat : 140x210 mm
FIKP's Code : Liv. Ang. 7073Theme : Politics

Kurdish identity, discourse, and new media

Kurdish identity, discourse, and new media

Jaffer Sheyholislami

Palgrave Macmillan

From democratization to terrorism, economic development to conflict resolution, global political dynamics are affected by the increasing pervasiveness and influence of communication media. This series examines the participants and their tools, their strategies and their impact. It offers a mix of comparative and tightly focused analyses that bridge the various elements of communication and political science included in the field of international studies. Particular emphasis is placed on topics related to the rapidly changing communication environment that is being shaped by new technologies and new political realities. This is the evolving world of international political communication.


Contents

List of Figures, Maps, and Tables / ix
Acknowledgments / xi
Transliteration / xiii

1 Introduction / 1
2 Discourse, media, and nation / 21
3 Kurdish identity / 47
4 Kurdish media: From print to Facebook / 79
5 Discourse practices of Kurdistan TV (KTV) / 95
6 Textual analysis of KTV / 107
7 Discourse practices of Kurdish internet /139
8 Textual analysis of Kurdish internet / 153
9 Discussion and conclusion / 169

Appendix 1: Semantic macro- Areas of National Identity and Linguistic Realizations / 187
Notes / 193
References / 223
Index / 243



Figures, Maps, and Tables

Figures
6.1 Screen shots of a KTV’s weather forecast / 121
7.1 A screenshot of the Kurdish web directory www.koord.com / 141
8.1 Kurdish leaders ... a video clip on YouTube / 157

Maps
3.1 Major Kurdish principalities (seventeenth century to 1860s) / 49
3.2 Major Kurdish dialect groups shown in the Greater Kurdistan / 59

Tables
i.i Transliteration / xiv
6.1 Patriotic song “Kurdistan”: Lyrics, images, and music descriptions / 124
6.2 Analysis of over- lexicalization in the patriotic song Kurdistan / 134
8.1 The organization of popular media links on www.koord.com on July 10, 2007 / 167

To Dr. Amir Hassanpour, whose groundbreaking research into
Kurdish language and media inspired and informed this study, and
To Narmin, Hauna and Sarah, whose love and support helped me to complete it.

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Although a number of scholars predicted the demise of nationalism and nation in the age of globalization1 (Appadurai, 1996; Hobsbawm, 1990),2 nationalism has been identified as “one of the most powerful forces in the modern world” (Hutchinson & Smith, 1994, p. 3, see also Anderson, 1991; Billig, 1995; Hall, 1993; Malešević, 2006). Whereas previously nationalism was primarily viewed as the architect of the modern nation- state from the late eighteenth century onward (Deutsch, 1966, 1953; Gellner, 1997, 1983; Hobsbawm, 1990, 1988; Kedouri, 1993; Smith, 1998), its surge in recent decades has been seen as a response to the need for collective identities. Many scholars believe that nationalism is a force and resource promoting national identities both in nation- states (Billig, 1995; Calhoun, 1997; Madianou, 2005; Wodak, de Cillia, Reisigl & Liebhart, 2009) and also among nations without states (Castells, 1997; Kane, 2000; Guibernau, 1999, 1996).

Morley (1992) has suggested that “the construction and emergence of national identities cannot properly be understood without reference to the role of communications technology” (p. 267, see also Silverstone, 1999, pp. 19–27; Hroch, 2006). Research on the place of communication in general (Deutsch, 1953, 1966), and mass communication in particular, in the processes and practices of building modern nation- states started almost half a century ago (Anderson, 1991; Innis, 1951; McLuhan, 1962, 1964). In recent decades, more studies have focused on the place of media in forming and sustaining national identities in nation- states (Billig, 1995; Drummond, Paterson & Willis, 1993; Madianou, 2005; Price, 1995; Wodak et al., 2009) and also among stateless nations and national minorities (Castells, 1997; Guibernau, 1999; Hassanpour, 1998; Higgins, 2004; Law, 2001).3

The question to be asked then is why are the media deemed so important in this respect? In other words, how does media use ...

 

 


Transliteration


Since this study is addressed to audiences who may not be familiar with Kurdish and other Middle Eastern languages, transcription and transliteration are reduced to a minimum. English translation of Kurdish texts is provided without transcription of the original text whenever possible. Anglicized names have not been transliterated; for example, the name of an Iranian Kurdish filmmaker has been written as Ghobadi instead of its romanized Kurdish transliteration Qubadî. However, when the same name (i.e., Ghobadi) is part of a transliterated text, the Kurdish version of the name (i.e., Qubadî) is used. To transcribe Kurdish texts, I have used the Latin-based writing system that has been in use since the 1930s predominantly among Kurds from Turkey and Syria. This system has been used for the transcription of personal and geographical names, title of publications, television programs and websites, and parts of texts that are transliterated for the purpose of illustrating specific aspects of textual analysis. Romanization is done according to the following list of transliteration.



Acknowledgments

The author and publisher thankfully acknowledge the followings for permission to use copyright materials:

1. Amir Hassanpour (1992). Language and nationalism in Kurdistan.
San Francisco: The Edwin Mellon Press. Map: Major Dialect
Groups, p. 22; Map: Major Kurdish Principalities, p. 51.

2. Behzad Naghib Sardasht, for screenshot of www.koord.com homepage.

3. Barozh Akrayi, for the cover image, of the town of Akrê in Kurdistan-Iraq, taken in 2005.


Jaffer Sheyholislami

Kurdish Identity, Discourse, and New Media

Palgrave Macmillan

Henny Palgrave Macmillan series in international political communication
Series editor: Philip Seib, University of Southern California (USA)

Editorial Board Members:
Hussein Amin, American University in Cairo (Egypt)
Robin Brown, University of Leeds (UK)
Eytan Gilboa, Bar-Ilan University (Israel)
Steven Livingston, George Washington University (USA)
Robin Mansell, London School of Economics and Political Science (UK)
Holli Semetko, Emory University (USA)
Ingrid Volkmer, University of Melbourne (Australia)

Books appearing in this series

Media and the politics of failure: Great powers,
communication strategies, and military defeats
By Laura Roselle

The CNN effect in action: How the news media pushed the west toward war in Kosovo
By Babak Bahador

Media pressure on foreign policy: The evolving theoretical framework
By Derek B. Miller

New media and the new Middle East
Edited by Philip Seib

The African press, civic cynicism, and democracy
By Minabere Ibelema

Global communication and transnational public spheres
By Angela M. Crack

Latin America, media, and revolution: Communication in modern Mesoamerica
By Juanita Darling

Japanese public opinion and the war on terrorism
Edited by Robert D. Eldridge and Paul Midford

African media and the digital public sphere
Edited by Okoth Fred Mudhai, Wisdom J. Tettey, and Fackson Banda

Islam dot com: Contemporary Islamic discourses in cyberspace
By Mohammed el-Nawawy and Sahar Khamis

Explaining news: National politics and journalistic cultures in global context
By Cristina Archetti

News media and EU-China relations
By Li Zhang

Kurdish identity, discourse, and new media
By Jaffer Sheyholislami

Kurdish identity, discourse, and new media
Copyright © Jaffer Sheyholislami, 2011.
All rights reserved.

First published in 2011 by
Palgrave Macmillan® in the United States—a division of
St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.

Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.

Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world.

Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.

ISBN: 978–0–230–10985–8

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Sheyholislami, Jaffer, 1960–
Kurdish identity, discourse, and new media / Jaffer Sheyholislami.
p. cm.—(Palgrave Macmillan series in international political communication)
Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978–0–230–10985–8 (alk. paper)

1. Mass media—Political aspects—Kurdistan.
2. Mass media and nationalism—Kurdistan.
3. Internet—Political aspects—Kurdistan.
4. Group identity—Kurdistan I. Title.

P95.82.K87S54 2010
302.2308919597—dc22 / 2010046032

A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library.
Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India.
First edition: June 2011
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America.

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