Contents
Acknowledgments / ix
Introduction / 1
History and Dialectal Classification / 1
The Place / 3
Extant Research / 5
System of Transcription / 6
Abbreviations / 10
Chapter One Phonetics and Phonology / 13
1.1 Consonantal Phonemes / 13
1.2 Realisation of Consonantal Phonemes / 13
1.3 Vocalic Phonemes and Diphthongs / 23
1.4 Realisation of Vocalic Phonemes and Diphthongs / 25
1.5 Gemination of Consonants / 26
1.6 Stress / 30
1.7 Final Devoicing of Consonants / 34
1.8 Emphasis and Emphatics / 35
1.9 Historical Background of Consonants / 36
Chapter Two Nominal Morphology / 43
2.1 Class I: Nouns Ending in -a, -ta (f.) or -t̠a (f.) / 44
2.1.1 Patterns / 44
2.1.2 Derivational Affixes / 52
2.1.3 Gender / 57
2.1.4 Plural Forms / 59
2.2 Class II / 64
2.2.1 Types of Noun / 65
2.2.2 Gender / 67
2.2.3 Plural Types / 68
2.3 Annexation of Nouns / 71
Chapter Three Pronouns / 77
3.1 Independent Personal Pronouns / 77
3.2 Possessive Pronominal Suffixes / 78
3.3 Independent Possessive Pronouns / 80
3.4 Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns / 81
3.5 Demonstrative Pronouns / 83
3.6 Relative Pronoun / 84
3.7 Interrogative Pronouns / 85
3.8 Indefinite Pronouns / 85
Chapter Four Verbal Morphology / 87
4.0 Introduction and Overview of Verbal Inflection / 87
4.0.1 The Imperative / 88
4.0.2 The Present Base / 88
4.0.3 The Past Base / 90
4.0.4 The Stative Participle / 92
4.0.5 The Infinitive / 93
4.1 Stem I Verbs / 93
4.1.1 Strong Verbs / 93
4.1.2 Verbs I-‘ (and Verbs I-‘, II-w; Verbs I-‘, III-y) 108
4.1.3 Verbs I-y / 118
4.1.4 Verbs II-w / 122
4.1.5 Verbs II-y / 127
4.1.6 Verbs III-‘ / 131
4.1.7 Verbs III-w / 135
4.1.8 Verbs III-y / 139
4.1.9 Verbs I-y, III-w / 144
4.1.10 Verbs I-y, III-y / 148
4.1.11 Verbs II-y, III-‘ / 152
4.1.12 Verbs II-y, III-y / 156
4.1.13 Verbs II-w, III-y / 160
4.1.14 b-‘-y ‘to want, to wish’ / 164
4.1.15 y-d-‘ ‘to know’ / 168
4.1.16 m-ṣ-y ‘to be able’ / 171
4.1.17 y-(h-)w-l ‘to give’ / 175
4.1.18 ‘әtl- ‘to have’ / 179
4.2 Stem II Verbs / 183
4.2.1 Strong Verbs / 183
4.2.2 Verbs with Weak Radicals and Other
Peculiarites / 188
4.3 Stem III Verbs / 192
4.3.1 Strong Verbs / 192
4.3.2 Verbs with Weak Radicals / 199
4.3.3 Verbs m-X-Y / 207
4.3.4 y-t-w III (m-t-w) ‘to place, to put’ / 215
4.4 Stem IV Verbs-Quadriliterals / 219
4.4.1 Class I / 219
4.4.2 Class II / 225
4.5 Stem V Verbs-Pentaliterals / 230
4.6 The Copula / 234
Chapter Five Verbal Function—Indicative vs. Subjunctive
Moods / 241
5.1 Indicative Mood / 241
5.1.1 Present Indicative (k-qaṭәl) / 241
5.1.2 Present Continuous (wәlle / -ile (bә)qṭala) / 243
5.2 Subjunctive Mood / 244
5.2.1 Present Subjunctive (qaṭәl form) / 244
5.2.2 Present Continuous Subjunctive (hawe (bә)qṭala) / 249
Chapter Six Adjectives / 251
6.1 General / 251
6.2 Class I Adjectival Patterns / 251
6.3 Class II-Invariable Adjectives / 255
6.4 Partially Adapted Loanwords / 255
Chapter Seven Adverbs and Other Particles / 257
7.1 Spatial Adverbs / 257
7.2 Temporal Adverbs / 257
7.3 Interrogative Adverbs / 258
7.4 Other Adverbs / 258
7.5 Prepositions / 259
7.6 Miscellaneous Uninflected Particles / 260
Chapter Eight Numerals / 261
8.1 Cardinal Numerals / 261
8.2 Ordinal Numerals / 263
8.3 Fractions / 263
8.4 Multiples / 263
8.5 Days of the Week / 264
8.6 Seasons / 264
Chapter Nine Texts and Translations / 265
9.0 Introduction to Texts: Methodology and Notes / 265
9.1 Text 1: A Rich Jew / 268
9.2 Text 2: Sher ad-Din / 280
9.3 Text 3: The Judeophilic Bear / 308
9.4 Text 4: Giants / 316
9.5 Text 5: Bruria / 318
9.6 Text 6: How to Make Raki / 326
9.7 Text 7: Blacksmith Anecdote / 336
9.8 Text 8: Queueing for Watermelons / 338
9.9 Text 9: Smoking / 340
9.10 Text 10: Snakes, Scorpions, Sticks and a Sheikh / 342
Chapter Ten Glossary / 347
References / 365
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