Table of contents
Introduction / 9
I. The Kurds to 1918 / 12
A. Early history / 12
B. The Kurds and Islamic empires to 1880 / 13
C. The rise of Kurdish nationalism / 17
D. Conclusions / 24
Footnotes for section I / 25
II. Kurdish revolts: 1918-1944 / 28
A. Tribal-feudal revolts / 29
1. Sheikh Mahmud of Barzinjah / 29
2. Dilo Kurds in Iraq - 1920 / 30
3. Seyyid Abdullah, july 1925 / 31
4. Nisibin, Turkey - 1928 / 31
B. Religio-political revolts / 33
1. Sheikh said of palu (genj) / 33
2. Sheikh Ahmed of Barzan / 36
C. Tribal-nationalist revolts / 37
1. Simko in Persia / 37
2. Sheikh Mahmud revisited / 38
3. Jelali and Haideranlu in Turkey 1927 / 40
4. Bazan of Zibar / 41
D. Nationalist revolts / 42
1. Ihsan Nuri in Turkey - 1930 / 42
2. Sayyid Riza in turkey, 1937 / 44
3. Revolts in Iraq 1941-1943 / 45
4. Revo1t in Iran 1941-1942 / 46
E. Conclusions / 47
Footnotes for section ii / 49
III. Political developments 1918-1944 / 57
A. Political maneuvers preceding the treaty of Sèvres / 57
B. The treaty of Sèvres to the treaty of Lausanne / 60
C. Post-Lausanne European actions to 1944 / 66
1. The Mosul question / 67
2. The tripartite treaty: Iraq, Turkey, and United Kingdom - 5 June 1926 / 69
3. World war ii efforts / 70
D. Regional actors: efforts at control / 73
E. Kurdish political developments / 77
1. The Khoybun / 77
2. The pan-Iranian league / 79
3. The Hewa party / 79
4. The Shursh group / 80
5. The Komala / 81
F. Conclusions / 82
Footnotes for section III / 84
IV. The Kurds from 1945-1958 / 92
A. The Mahabad republic / 92
1. Political prelude / 92
2. Mullah Mustafa's 1945 revolt / 96
3. Formation of the republic / 97
4. Demise of the Mahabad Republic / 99
5. Assessment and regional shocks / 103
B. Cold war propaganda efforts / 105
C. Kurdish post-Mahabad political developments / 107
1. Formation of the UDPK / 107
2. Iranian and Turkish Kurds / 108
3. Regional power actions / 109
D. Conclusions / 111
Footnotes for section IV / 114
V. The Kurds in Iraq 1958-1980 / 121
A. The gathering storm: 14 July 1958 - September 1961 / 122
1. Initial cooperation / 122
2. The Barzanis return to the north / 125
3. The road to revolt / 127
B. The Kurdish revolt September 1961 - Apri1 1975 / 129
1. The first phase - September 1961 - 29 June 1966 / 129
2. The ceasefire / 142
3. The second phase march 1969-march 1974 / 144
4. The third phase march 1974-apri1 1975 / 150
C. Developments from April 1975-1980 / 153
1. Kurdish po1itica1 deve10pments / 153
2. Iraqi Ba'th policies / 156
D. Conclusions / 159
Footnotes for section V / 163
VI. Conclusion and prognosis / 181
A. Conclusions / 181
1. Kurdish nationalism / 181
2. The impact of external influences / 186
3. The hypothesis / 193
B. Prognosis / 194
Footnotes for section VI / 199
Appendix
A Map of Kurdistan / 205
B Pertinent treaties and agreements / 206
C table of revolts / 223
D political party evolution / 227
Bibliography / 232
Initial distribution list / 238
Unclassified
Security classification of this page (anon date Entered)
Report documentation page / read instructions before completing form
1. Report number
2. Gout accession no
3. Recipient's catalog number
4. Title (and subtitle)
The Kurdish Nationalist Movement and External Influences
5. Type of report a period covered
Master's Thesis; December 1980
6. Performing org. Report number
7. Author (s)
Donald Bruce Disney, Jr. , LCDR, USN
8 Contract or grant number (4)
9. Performing organization name and address
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93940
10. Program element, project, task area a work unit numbers
11. Controlling office name and address
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93940
12. Report date
December, 1980
13. Number of pages 238
14.Monitoring agency name a address (...)
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93940
15. Security class. (Of this report)
Unclassified
15 a. Declassification / Downgrading Schedule
16. Distribution statement (of this report)
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
17. Distribution statement (...)
18. Supplementary notes
19. Key words (...)
Kurds, Kurdish Nationalism, Kurdish Revolts, Kurdish Political Parties, Mullah Mustafa Barzani, Sheikh Ezzedin, Abdul Rahman Qassemlu, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, UK, U.S., U.S.S.R., Israel, PLO, Armenians
20. Abstract (...)
The Kurdish National Movement and External Influences is a historic examination of the Kurds, the Kurdish national movement, and the effects of external actors on the movement. It discusses who the Kurds are, where they are located and how many of them there are. The primary topics covered are Kurdish revolts, leaders, Kurdish political evolution, and the roles which local and non-Middle-Eastern countries have played in Kurdish national development. The primary countries discussed, as actors, are: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Israel, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Kurdish links to other groups, such as the Armenians, and the Palestine Liberation Organization are also described. Finally an assessment as to the effects of external actors on Kurdish Nationalism is made and a prognosis for further Kurdish prospects is included.
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