The Middle East

Auteur :

Éditeur : New York University Press	Date & Lieu : 1981, New York
Préface :	Pages : 336
Traduction :	ISBN : 0-13-581629-7
Langue : Anglais	Format : 150x230 mm
Code FIKP : Liv. Eng. Eic. Mid. N°1315	Thème : Général

Présentation	Table des Matières	Introduction	Identité	PDF
The Middle East Dale F. Eickelman New York University What did scholars learn about the Middle East from late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century explorations? How does Islam affect political and social life? How do the society and family life of tribes and towns accommodate to modern traditions? How do earlier cities compare with those of today? The answers to these probing questions illustrate the topics discussed in The Middle East: An Anthropological Approach. This introduction to the Middle East is based on the author’s Middle Eastern anthropology series for CBS-TV’s “Sunrise Semester.” The material focuses on the contribution which the study of the Middle East is making to the main currents of anthropology, “especially those,” as the author explains, “which relate to the analysis of complex societies.” Part I —Introduction offers some practical assumptions concerning how the Middle East has been understood in the past; Part II interprets the present and how Middle Easterners see their society and culture; Part [II is concerned with Islam and religious experience; and Part IV assesses the impact of political and economic change. The book is written for the general reader as well as the student. It deals with inquiry and discovery rather than a review of the literature.


Table des Matières
Contents Preface / ix Note on Transliteration / xiii Part 1 Introduction 1 Anthropology and the Middle East / 1 The Middle East Defined / 1 Anthropology: Some Practical Assumptions / 6 First Approximations / 13 2 Intellectual Predecessors: The Rediscovery of the Middle East / 23 Bonaparte’s Expedition to Egypt, 1798-1801 / 25 Explorers and Scholars / 27 William Robertson Smith (1846-1894) / 33 Scholarly Inquiry and Imperial Interests / 38 3 The Functionalist Era: Village and Community Studies / 45 Functionalism as Theory and Practice / 45 Functionalism in the Study of the Middle East / 48 4 The Contexts of Pastoral Nomadism / 63 Pastoral Nomadism: The Past and the Present / 65 Saudi Arabian Pastoralists: The Al Murra / 72 The Ideology of Equality: Further Considerations / 81 Part II Meaning and Society 5 What is a Tribe? / 85 Ideologies / 85 The Concept of Tribe / 87 A Moroccan Example: The Bril Bataw / 90 Segmentation Ideology or Segmentary Theory: The Bedouin of Cyrenaica / 98 6 Personal and Family Relationships / 105 Kinship Today 105 Cultural Forms / 108 Practical Kinship: Morocco 110 Practical Kinship: Some Analytical Considerations 116 Marriage / 124 The Importance of Kin and Family / 128 7 Change in Practical Ideologies: Self, Sexuality, and Ethnicity / 135 Naming / 136 Women, Men, and Sexuality / 141 Ethnicity and Cultural Identity / 157 8 The Cultural Order of Complex Societies / 175 World View / 175 Morocco: God’s Will, Reason, and Obligation / 178 North Africans in Israel / 183 The Market as a Cultural Form / 186 Lying / 190 Etiquette / 192 Iran: Tacaruf / 196 Conclusion / 199 Part III Islam and Religious Experience 9 Islam in Practice / 201 Islam as a World Religion / 201 The Five Pillars / 204 The Shica / 213 An Ideological Frontier?: The Alevi / 219 Sufism / 222 Maraboutism: Town and Tribe / 228 Men of Learning (c Ulama’) / 235 Reform: The Self-Renewal of Islamic Tradition / 246 Beginnings / 252 Part IV The Shape of Change 10 Cities in Their Place / 261 Issues / 261 The “Islamic" City / 266 Colonial Cities and Their Legacy / 273 Cities Now / 277 Cities and Social Class / 283 11 Political Economy: Past and Present / 289 Medieval Muslim States: Problems of Authority and Interpretation / 290 The Colonial Experience / 297 The Social Anthropology of the Nation-State / 306 Development in Perspective 317 Conclusion / 324 Glossary / 326 Index / 331