Contents
Introduction / 1
The Kurds and Kurdistan / 1
The Kurdish Language / 4
The Kurdish Alphabet / 6
The Kurdish Vowels / 8
How to gain the most out of this book / 9
The Purpose of the Book / 9
Pronunciation Drill / 11
The Kurdish Vowels / 11
Pronouncing the Aa /11
Pronouncing the Ee /13
Pronouncing the Êê /14
Pronouncing the Ii / 15
Pronouncing the Îî / 16
Pronouncing the Oo / 16
Pronouncing the Uu / 17
Pronouncing the Ûû /18
Pronouncing the semi-vowel Yy / 18
The Kurdish Consonants / 19
Pronouncing the Bb / 19
Pronouncing the Cc / 19
Pronouncing the Dd / 19
Pronouncing the Ff / 19
Pronouncing the Gg / 19
Pronouncing the dg / 19
Pronouncing the Hh / 20
Pronouncing the HHhh / 20
Pronouncing the Jj / 20
Pronouncing the Kk / 20
Pronouncing the Ll / 20
Pronouncing the LLll / 21
Pronouncing the Mm / 21
Pronouncing the Nn / 21
Pronouncing the Pp / 21
Pronouncing the Qq / 21
Pronouncing the Rr 21
Pronouncing the RRrr / 21
Pronouncing the Ss / 21
Pronouncing the Tt / 21
Pronouncing the Vv / 21
Pronouncing the Wv / 21
Pronouncing the Xx / 21
Pronouncing the Zz / 22
Pronouncing the Arabic (Aa), (E) = (Ain) and the Hh (Hhaa) / 23
Word Stress, punctuation, rythm and intonation / 25
Introduction to Kurdish Grammer, Word Order and Syntax / 28
The position of the Verb / 28
Verbs Change Form / 30
Auxiliary and Helping Verbs / 33
Pronouns / 36
The Position of the Article / 36
Prepositions, Before, After and More / 37
Adverbs are Made For Changing / 38
The Position of Adverbs / 38
Adjectives Describe All / 39
The Singular and the Plural / 39
Part I / 41
Teach Yourself Kurdish / 41
John & Linda in Kurdistan / 41
A short Pasage from Peter Pan / 115
The National School, by the Late Satirical Poet: Şêx Selam / 116
Kurdish Proverbs / 120
Examples of Boolean Logical Expressions and Operations / 121
Kurdish Vocabulary / 122
Food Names / 144
Partsof the Human Body / 146
Dual-word (rhyming words) combinations used for emphasis / 147
Indicating a Class of Things or Objects / 148
Some Common Nouns and Pronouns / 148
Daysof the Week / 150
Timesof the Day / 151
Interjections (Expressing Emotion) / 151
Part II / 152
The Reference / 152
1. conventions / 153
Abbreviations /153
Basic rules regarding Negation and spelling conventions / 154
Yesand No, A/Ey/Ai & Na/Nai / 154
Of, made of, state of, -ism, -ness, -hood, -ity, ~ly, ~Y / 159
The Use of the apostrophe or hyphen / 160
Then or What about?, or O' as in O' Romeo, Romeo / 160
Theuse of Lai and La-i / 161
Some Very Kurdish Types of Adverbs / 161
Using (êt), (a) & (ra) to make the passive tenses / 162
Linking Verbs / 163
2. The Parts of a Sentence / 164
2.1 Nouns / 164
2.1.1 The Nominative or Subjective Noun / 164
2.1.2 Direct Address / 165
2.1.3 Appositive nouns / 165
2.1.4 Possessive Nouns / 165
Ownership / 165
Sourceor Origin 165
Manufacture or authorship / 166
Association, connection, attribute or duration / 166
2.1.5 Direct and Indirect Objects / 167
Direct Objects / 167
Indirectobjects / 167
2.1.6 Examples of Kurdish Nouns / 168
2.1.6.1 Singular and Plural / 168
2.1.6.2 Indefinite and Definite Nouns / 171
2.1.6.3 Composite Words / 172
2.1.6.4 Kurdish Names / 172
2.1.6.5 Kurdish Numerals / 173
2.1.7 The Inflection of Kurdish Nouns and Verbs / 174
2.2 Pronouns / 174
2.3.1 Kinds of Pronouns / 174
2.2.2 Personal Pronouns / 175
2.2.3 The Demonstrative (General) Pronouns / 175
2.2.4 The Relative Pronouns / 175
2.2.5 The Possessive Relative Pronouns / 177
The Nominative Case / 177
The Possessive Case / 177
The Objective Case /178
2.2.6 Some Interrogative Pronouns / 178
Kam: Which / 178
Çî: What / 178
2.2.7 The Reflexive Pronouns / 179
2.2.7.1 The Reciprocal Pronouns / 179
2.2.7.2 To Cut & We are Cutters / 179
2.2.7.3 Common and Proper Nouns / 180
2.2.7.4 Collective Nouns / 180
2.3 Prepositions / 180
2.4 Linking words / 184
2.4.1 Normal Links and Connectives / 184
Ke Is the commonest linking connective / 184
Ke-Çî Instead, but / 184
Be û Bê The use of (Be=By) & (Bê=without or less) / 185
Rra Run, Process, Maintain / 185
Da Down or There / 185
Da-n Giving. Hitting, Striking, Crossing / 186
2.4.2 The Logical Connectives and Related Words / 186
2.5 The Verb / 188
2.5.1 Infinitives / 188
2.5.2 The Common Verbs (Kirdin and Bun) / 191
Kird-in to Make (Do) / 191
TheVerbs To Be & To Have / 194
2.5.3 Forming the Participle / 203
2.5.4 Some Special types of Verbs / 204
La-Dan (To Veer off, Stop by, Remove, Put Aside) / 205
2.6 Adverbs and Adjectives / 216
2.6.1 Adverbs / 216
a Manner / 217
b Place / 218
c Time / 218
d Frequency / 219
e Sentence / 219
f Degree / 219
g Interrogative / 220
h Relative / 220
2.6.2 Adjectives and Descriptive nouns / 220
a Demonstrative / 220
b Distributive / 220
c Quantitative / 221
d Numerals /221
e Interrogative / 222
f Possessive / 222
g Qualitative / 223
h Adjectives AND Adverbs not containing verbs / 226
3 The Syntax of the Kurdish Sentence / 229
3.1 The Subject of a Sentence / 229
3.2 The Verb in the Sentence / 231
Tenses, Definite & Indefinite Articles and Verb relatedissues / 231
3.2.1 The Past Tense / 231
3.2.2 The Present Participle and the Gerund / 236
3.2.3 The Special Use of Hatin (To Come) / 238
3.2.4 Examples of Converting Verbs into the arious Tenses / 239
3.2.5 Getting up on one's feet: Le-Ser-Pê Hestan/Westan. / 241
3.2.6 Using the suffix aw [pronoun] ete to indicate the present continuous state / 242
3.2.7 Transitive Verbs / 243
3.2.8 The Present, Present Continuos and Future / 248
3.2.9 The Position of Verbs Containing Kirdin and Bun / 249
3.2.10 Syntactual Difference between Definite & Indefinite Nouns and the Possessive pronoun / 250
3.2.11 Syntax considerations of Verbs with Suffixes and/or Prefixes / 251
3.2.12 The syntax of Verbs Containing Common Verbs andadd on's / 253
3.2.13 The Syntax of Positive and Negative uses of theVerbs To Make and To Be / 256
3.2.14 Verbs Ending with Bun and Kirdin / 269
3.2.14.1 Verbs Ending with Bun / 270
3.3.14.2 Verbs ending with Kirdin / 271
3.2.15 Forming the Tenses of Similar-Sounding Verbs / 271
3.2.16 Verbs ending with Kirdin-ewe / 278
3.2.17 Some Other Useful Verbs and Some Peculiarities / 279
3.4 The Interrogative. Questions, Conditionals, Reasoning & Related words / 281
Kê Who / 282
Kê-î Whom / 282
Hî-kê Whose / 283
Hî-min-e It's Mine / 283
Le-kwê Where / 283
RamWhich / 284
Keî When / 284
KwaWhere [is it] / 285
Kwê Where / 285
Çî, Ç-î What, What - to / 286
Çen[d] How Much/Many / 287
Çon How / 287
Bo[Çî] Why [for what] / 288
Bo-ye That's why / 288
Çunke Because, the reason is / 289
Eger, Ger If / 289
Ege-na Otherwise (Else) (If not) / 289
MegerPerhaps/Maybe only / 289
Bellku Perhaps, Maybe / 289
To Billêî Would you (say) believe / 290
Wa So, in this way. Also Weha / 290
Ta Until, While, To, Upto the time or place / 290
Ke-orate That would mean, Therefore, In that case / 290
Re-wa-bu If it is (were) so, . If that is the case / 290
Re-wa-ye Since it is so, (If so, ) / 291
L'êre, Le-wê Here, There / 291
Bî -kirdaye-û If it should happen/ May it be so / 291
Aye Should it be that/If it were so / 291
Aya Is it possible? Could it be? / 292
Kwê-rra How (surprisingly soon)? / 292
Inca [And] Then (After that) / 292
-iş, - Also, too, while, and / 292
3.5 Imperatives / 292
3.6 Using adjectives in factual statements and Imperatives / 295
3.6.1 Factual Statements and Imperatives using Nouns & Adjectives / 295
3.6.2 The Imperative using adverbs / 296
3.6.3 Wishfulness with adverbs and adjectives / 296
3.7 Objects in Sentences / 297
3.7.1 Direct & Indirect Objects in a Sentence / 299
4 Summary of the Kurdish Syntax / 300
The Generic Kurdish Syntax / 307
Subject Phrases / 307
Object Phrase / 308
Verb Phrase / 308
5 Verb Tables / 314
5.1 The Common Kurdish Verbs / 314
5.2 The Kurdish Verb Types / 318
Index /324 |
