Table of Contents
Part I
I. – Introduction / 1 II. – Agriculture / 4 Existing Conditions / 4 Expansion of Area under Cultivation: Irrigation / 7 The Rain-fed Zone / 12 Settlement of New Land / 13 Improvement in Productivity / 17 1. - Drainage / 17 2. - Tools and Draft Animals / 18 3. - Soil-building and Forage Crops: Fertilizers / 21 4. - Livestock Improvement / 22 5. - Research and Education: Incentives / 23 Tobacco and the Tobacco Monopoly / 25 The Introduction of Sugar / 28 Production Credit and Marketing / 29 Forestry / 32 Establishment of a Ministry of Agriculture / 32
III. - Industry / 33 Petroleum and Refining / 34 Expansion of Old Industries / 35 Establishment of New Industries / 36 Financing of Industrial Development / 38 Dangers of Excessive Protection / 40 Government Organization for Industry / 41 Labor and Vocational Education / 41
IV. - Transport and Communications / 43 The Port / 44 The Railways / 44 Air Transport and Inland Navigation / 46 Roads and Road Transport / 47 Communications / 48
V. - Public Health / 49 Prevention of Disease / 50 Curative Services / 52 Organization of Public Health Administration / 54
VI. - Community Planning and Facilities / 55 Need for Community Planning / 56 Housing Developments / 57 Establishment of a Housing Authority / 57 Self-help in Housing / 59 Water and Electricity Supply / 60
VII. - Education / 62 Technical Schooling / 63 Introduction of Compulsory Primary Education / 63 Revisions of the School Curriculum / 65 Intermediate and Secondary Education / 68 Adult Education / 68 Administration / 70 Training Abroad / 71
VIII. - Problems of Execution / 72 Financing the Program / 74 Obstacles to Development / 76 Improvements in Public Administration / 77 Technical Assistance / 80 Skilled Labor / 83 Foreign Supplies / 84 The Problem of Priorities / 85
IX. - Impact of the Program / 87 Effect on Incomes and Prices / 90 Tax Reform / 95 X. - Conclusion / 96 Appendices List of the Mission’s Recommendations / 103 Suggestions for Technical Assistance / 112 Statistical Organization / 114
Part II
Annex
A. – Basic Factors and Conditions / 123 I. - The Regions / 123 II. - The People / 126 III. - The Standard of Living / 131 IV. - Natural Resources / 136 V. – Production / 145 VI. – Transport / 151 VII. - Money and Banking / 152 VIII. - Domestic and Foreign Trade and the Balance of Payments / 155 IX. - Government and the Economy / 168
B. - Flood Control, Irrigation and Drainage / 183 I. - Water Storage / 183 II. - Irrigation Works / 193 III. - Drainage / 203 IV. - Operation and Maintenance / 206 V. - Costs of the Program / 211
C. - Agriculture and Animal Husbandry / 217 I. - Introduction / 217 II. - Diversification of Production / 219 III. - Observations on Existing Crops / 222 IV. - Improved Methods of Cultivation / 233 V. - Control of Pests and Diseases / 239 VI. - Improvement in Livestock and Livestock Products / 243 VII. - Education and Research / 251 VIII. - Use of Incentives / 258 IX. - Agricultural Credit / 259 X. - Cooperatives / 261 XI. - Storage Facilities and Credit / 263 XII. - Forestry / 266 XIII. - Settlement of New Land / 267 XIV. - Establishment of a Ministry of Agriculture and Land Use / 272
D. - Industry / 277 I. - Iraq’s Potential for Industrial Development / 277 II. - Possibilities for Industrial Development / 279 III. - State Assistance to Industry / 294 IV. - Other Suggestions for the Improvement of Industry / 299
E. - Transport and Communications / 305 I. - Ports / 307 II. - Maritime Shipping / 312 III. - Inland Water Transport / 312 IV. - Railways / 314 V. - Roads / 327 VI. - Airports / 334 VII. - Air Transport / 335 VIII. - Post, Telegraph, Telephone, Radio Communications / 337 IX. - Pipelines / 340 X. - Surveys / 340 XI. - General Observations / 341 XII. - Projected Cost of Proposed Programs / 342
Appendices Additional Railway Projects / 344 Notes on Conversion from Meter to Standard Gauge / 346
F. - Public Health / 351 I. - Introduction / 351 II. - The Curative Services / 355 III. - The Preventive Services / 362 IV. - Endemic Disease Prevention / 369 V. - Organization of Health Services / 374
G. - Education / 385 I. - Introduction / 385 II. - Introduction of Compulsory Primary Education / 387 III. - Provision of Fundamental Education for Adults / 405 IV. - Agricultural and Technical Education / 417 V. - Administration / 421 VI. - Conclusion / 423
H. - Community Planning and Community Facilities / 427 I. - Introduction / 427 II. - Rural Communities / 431 III. - Urban Communities / 440 IV. - Housing / 451 V. - Public Utilities / 457
List of Tables
Estimated Outlay of Development Program / 73 Nonagricultural Labor Force / 129 Cultivable Land, Cropped Land and Land in Agricultural Use / 137 Land Classified According, to Types of Tenure by Cadastral Survey / 140 Distribution of Private Landholdings According to Cadastral Survey / 142 Estimated Area and Production of Principal Crops / 146 Estimate of Livestock Population 1949-50 / 147 Estimated Industrial Employment / 149 Production of Petroleum and Refined Products / 151 Import Licenses: 1951 / 155 Imports into Iraq (by value) / 156 Imports (excluding oil company imports for their own use) / 157 Imports of Textiles, Sugar and Tea (by quantity) / 157 Official Exchange Transactions—1949 and 1950 / 159 Principal Exports / 166 Merchandise Trade / 168 Budgets of the Government and Principal Government Enterprises / 171 Government Debt / 172 Some Government Outlays by Type / 172 Composition of Government Receipts / 175 Land Classified According to Types of Tenure by Cadastral Survey up to February 8, 1951— Cultivable Land / 177 Land Classified According to Types of Tenure by Cadastral Survey up to February 8, 1951 Uncultivable Land / 178 Land Classified According to Types of Tenure by Cadastral Survey up to February 8, 1951—Total, Cultivable and Uncultivable Land / 179 Monthly Statements of the National Bank of Iraq / 180 Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities of Five Commercial Banks / 181 Expenditures Projected by the Development Board / 182 Area Within Irrigation Systems / 194 Mean Monthly Discharges of the Euphrates and the Tigris / 212 Number and Horsepower of Irrigation Pumps as of March 1, 1950 / 213 Salinity of the Euphrates and the Tigris / 214 Expenditures of the Directorate General of Irrigation / 215 Estimated Cost of the Program (Irrigation, etc.) / 216 Licensing and Purchasing Operations of the Tobacco Monopoly / 228 Cash and Accounting Returns of the Tobacco Monopoly / 230 Agricultural Machinery Administration Budget for 1950 (actual results) / 275 Agricultural Machinery Administration Budget for 1951 (estimates) / 276 Operations of the Port of Basra / 308 Port of Basra Budget / 309 Fao Bar Dredging Scheme Budget / 310 Traffic on State Railways / 315 Railway Finance / 316 Registered Motor Vehicles / 330 Budget Summary for 1951-52 / 333 Airways Traffic / 336 Airways Budget / 336 Financial Accounts of PTT / 339 Cost of Transport and Communications Programs / 342 Hospitals, Hospital Beds, Dispensaries and Doctors / 377 Number of Visits to Health Institutions for Treatment / 377 Classification of Hospitals in 1949 / 378 The Chief Infectious Diseases Treated at all Health Institutions / 379 Cases of Eye Diseases / 380 Treatments for Malaria as Percentage of Total Treatments at Health Institutions (By Provinces) / 380 Treatments for Malaria as Percentage of Total Treatments at Health Institutions (By Years) / 381 Incidence of Schistosomiasis / 382 Cases of Schistosomiasis Treated / 382 Forms of Tuberculosis Treated at all Institutions / 383 Projected Number and Recurring Costs of Centers of Fundamental Education / 416 Projected Student Enrollment Under the Compulsory Primary Education Program: 1956-1968 / 425 Projected Student Enrollment in Teachers’ Training Colleges: 1953-1957 / 426 Note: Totals in tables do not necessarily add up because of rounding.
Maps
I Political Divisions / frontispiece II. - Irrigation / after page 8 III. - Transport System / after page 44
Figures Hydrographs of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers / 185 Revised Layout Baghdad Railways & Roads in New Town Plan / after page 342 Baghdad New Development—Simplified Stage I / after page 342 Dujaila Land Settlement Scheme / 438-9 |