Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir

Evliya Celebi in Bitlis [English, Leiden - New York - København - Köln, 1990]

Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesinde Bitlis ve Halkı [Türkçe, İstanbul, 1989]

Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir [English, Leiden, 1988]

Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi - III [Türkçe, İstanbul, 1972]

Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi - IV [Türkçe, İstanbul, 1972]

Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi - V [Türkçe, İstanbul, 1970]

Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi - VI [Türkçe, İstanbul, 1970]

Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi - VII [Türkçe, İstanbul, 1970]

Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir

Martin Van Bruinessen,
Hendrik Boeschoten

E. J. Brill

This book is the result of many people's efforts and contributions. Its foundation was laid when the five of us, all having different backgrounds, found each other at the Turkish Institute of Utrecht University in a common interest in Evliya Çelebi. It was the erudite Professor Henri Hofman who brought us together, and from whose wide range of knowledge we have profited much in all stages of our work.

From the beginning, we received

Contents

List of plates / XI
Acknowledgements / XIII
Preface / XV
Abbreviations / XVII

Introduction
I. Evliya Çelebi and his Seyahatname, by M. Van Bruinessen / 3
I. a Evliya's life and travels / 3
I. b Manuscripts and editions of the Seyahatname / 5
I. c Evliya's method of writing / 8
II. The Ottoman conquest of Diyarbekir and the administrative organisation of the province into the 16th and 17th centuries, by M. Van Bruinessen / 13
II. a Molla Idris Bitlisi and the incorporation of Diyarbekir in the Ottoman Empire / 14
II. b The administrative division of Diyarbekir and the privileges of the Kurdish rulers / 16
II. c The autonomous sancaqs in the 17th century / 22
II. d The position of the nomadic tribes in the administrative system / 27

III. The population of Diyarbekir: ethnic composition and other demographic data, by M. Van bruinessen / 29
III. a The various linguistic and religious groups living in Diyarbekir / 29
III. b Population statistics / 32
III. b. 1 The city / 32
III. b. 2 The province / 33
III. b. 3 The nomads / 35

IV. Economic life in Diyarbekir in the 17th century, by M. Van Bruinessen / 36
IV. a The decline of the long-distance trade / 36
IV. b Agriculture as the basis of Diyarbekir's economy / 38
IV. c Animal husbandry / 41
IV. d Crafts practised in the city / 42

V. Religious life in Diyarbekir: Islamic learning and the role of the tariqats, by M. Van Bruinessen / 45
V. a The medreses of Diyarbekir / 45
V. b The place of the Hanafi and Shafi'i madhhabs in Diyarbekir / 48
V. c The tarikats in Diyarbekir / 49

VI. The physical aspects of the city, by M. Kiel / 53
VI. a Evliya's review of Diyarbekir's architecture / 53
VI. b Mosques mentioned and not mentioned / 56
VI. c The Great Mosque / 57
VI. d Hans and caravanserais / 59
VI. e Baths / 60
VI. f The value of Evliya's acnmnt as a source for the history of art and urban development / 62

VII. On Evliya's style, by H. Lamers / 64
VII. a The "Indian Style" (sabq-i Hindi) / 64
VII. b Evliya's paragraph headings / 66
VII. c Stylistic embellishments and figures of speech / 67
VII. d Colloquial and dialect elements in Evliya's language / 69

VIII. Evliya' s spelling and our transliteration by H. Boeschoten / 71
VIII. a Peculiarities of Evliya's spelling / 71
VIII. b Our system of transliteration / 72
VIII. c The transliteration rules / 73
VIII. d Evliya' s misspellings / 78

IX. The Seyahatname as a source for linguistic investigation, by H. Boeschoten / 81
IX. a Our general approach / 81
IX. b Closed -ê- /84
IX. c Labial vowel harmony / 87
IX. d Consonant changes / 98
IX. e Evliya's barbarisms / 99
IX. f Evliya's sample of the Diyarbekir dialect / 100

Evliya's•description of Diyarbekir
Context of the sections published / 107
List of contents / 109
Transliteration / 112
Translation / 113

Appendix: Two poems on Divarbekir / 198

Bibliography / 232

Index of personal names / 242
Index of geographical names / 251
Index of names of tribes and peoples / 256
Index of religions, sects and tariqats / 25 7
Word index and glossary / 258

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This book is the result of many people's efforts and contributions. Its foundation was laid when the five of us, all having different backgrounds, found each other at the Turkish Institute of Utrecht University in a common interest in Evliya Çelebi. It was the erudite Professor Henri Hofman who brought us together, and from whose wide range of knowledge we have profited much in all stages of our work.

From the beginning, we received great encouragement and valuable advice from the late Richard Kreutel, through personal visits and correspondence. Dr. Kreutel moreover lent us his microfilm of the original manuscript. The kindness and interest shown to beginners like us by a man of Kreutel's scholarly standing is a measure of his greatness. We gratefully dedicate this book to him.

There were many others who gave invaluable assistance: the learned Abdüssettar Hayati Avșar of Diyarbekir, whose knowledge of the city's history, folklore and dialect threw light on several obscure passages in Evliya's text; Dr. Mehdi İlhan of Ankara, who worked on the 16thcentury tax registers of Diyarbekir and sent us his transcription of one of them; dr. Jos Weitenberg of Leiden University, who helped with the Armenian words occasionally occurring; and ethnomusicologist Wouter Swets of the Hague, who helped us to understand and interpret Evliya's references to music. Although their contributions were significant, they cannot, of course, be held responsible for remaining mistakes or misinterpretations.

The edition, translation and notes were made collectively by our five person group. Final editorial responsibility for the text edition is with Hendrik Boeschoten, who also wrote Chapters VIII and IX of the Introduction and made the word index. Martin van Bruinessen is responsible for the translation, the notes and the other indexes, and wrote Chapters I-V. Machiel Kiel and Hanneke Lamers wrote one chapter each (VI and VII, respectively). Marc van Damme's knowledge of early islamic history, prophetology, and the islamic sciences in general is apparent throughout the notes.

The English of the translation and the Introduction was much improved by John O'Kane, who went over the text several times to correct our mistakes in what remains a foreign language to us. We are very grateful for his patient assistance. Such awkward phrases as remain are probably due to our impatience with John's perfectionism or to later ...

Professor Robert Dankoff, of the University of Chicago, who has been working on the sections of the Seyahatname following the one published here, kindly read our manuscript before it went to the press. We owe him a gratitude for many last-minute corrections and emendations.

Thanks are also due to Godelieve Gheyselinck, who patiently typed several drafts of the translation and thus helped us to continue when other obligations left us insufficient time; to Frans Janssen, who drew the maps in this book; to Mr. Oliekan of the Utrecht University Library, who made prints of the microfilm for us; to the Topkapi Palace Library for permission to publish the relevant sections of the manuscript in facsimile; and to the University Libraries of Leiden and Amsterdam and their photographic departments for providing prints of the illustrations from Marsigli's and Ricaut's books and the permission to use them in this publication.

Evliya Çelebi's book of travels

Land and people of the Ottoman Empire
in the Seventeenth Century
A corpus of partial editions

Edited by
Klaus Kreiser

Volume I

Evliya Çelebi in
Diyarbekir

The relevant section of the Seyahatname
edited with translation, commentary and introduction

By
Martin Van Bruinessen and Hendrik Boeschoten

E.J. Brill
Leiden • New York • København • Köln

1988