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Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein


Author : U. S. Senate
Editor : USGPO Date & Place : 1991, Washington
Preface : Pages : 33
Traduction : ISBN : 0-16-037023-X
Language : EnglishFormat : 150x230 mm
FIKP's Code : Br. Gen. 197Theme : Politics

Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein
Versions

Saddam's documents [English, Washington, 1992]

Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein [English, Washington, 1991]

Chemical weapons use in Kurdistan [English, Washington, 1988]


Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein

U. S. Senate

U. S. G. P. O.

The Honorable Claiborne Pell,
Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations,
U.S. Senate, Washington, DC 20510

Dear Mr. Chairman: Six months ago the fate of Iraq's Kurds was placed on the international agenda as a result of the immense human suffering following the failure of their rebellion against Saddam Hussein. International intervention helped prevent a greater catastrophe, but the people of Iraqi Kurdistan remain at grave risk. At your direction, I returned to Iraqi Kurdistan in September to assess the situation.

Between September 4 and 11, 1991, I traveled throughout the Kurdish-controlled parts of Iraq. The liberated territory now comprises more than 80 percent of the Kurdish inhabited lands, and I went as far south as Halabja, as far east as Haj Omran on the Iranian border, north to the triangle where the borders of Iran and Turkey converge, and, in the west, to Amadiyah, Dihok, and Zakho where the Syrian and Turkish borders meet...


Contents

Letter of Transmittal / V
Summary of Key Findings / VII

I. A Broken Land: Kurdistan Today / 1
A. Overview / 1
B. Political/Military Situation / 2
C. Military Needs / 6
D. Humanitarian Needs / 8
E. Sanctions Busting / 9
F. An Anti-Saddam Strategy / 11

II. Legacy of Death: Iraqi Rule in Kurdistan / 13
A. Overview / 13
B. Qalat Diza and the Destroyed Cities / 13
C. Halabja Slowly Reveals its Horrors / 15
D. Sulaymaniyah Secret Police Headquarters / 16
E. The Al-Anfal Campaign / 20
F. The Mines of Haj Omran / 21
G. Crimes Against Humanity / 23


LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

November 26, 1991

The Honorable Claiborne Pell,
Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations,
U.S. Senate, Washington, DC 20510

Dear Mr. Chairman: Six months ago the fate of Iraq's Kurds was placed on the international agenda as a result of the immense human suffering following the failure of their rebellion against Saddam Hussein. International intervention helped prevent a greater catastrophe, but the people of Iraqi Kurdistan remain at grave risk. At your direction, I returned to Iraqi Kurdistan in September to assess the situation.

Between September 4 and 11, 1991, I traveled throughout the Kurdish-controlled parts of Iraq. The liberated territory now comprises more than 80 percent of the Kurdish inhabited lands, and I went as far south as Halabja, as far east as Haj Omran on the Iranian border, north to the triangle where the borders of Iran and Turkey converge, and, in the west, to Amadiyah, Dihok, and Zakho where the Syrian and Turkish borders meet. Four times I crossed Iraqi lines, on two occasions disguised as a Kurd, in order to visit the populous cities of Irbil and Sulaymaniyah. This report attempts to present as comprehensive a picture of the situation in Kurdistan today as possible.

This trip would not have been possible without the assistance, cooperation, and friendship of many of the Iraqi Kurds including my host Jalal Talabani, KDP leader Massoud Barzani, Samy Abdu Rahman, Hoshyer Zebari, Karim Khan of Bardohst, and Sheikh Moustafa Zinawi. Dr. Abdul Karim Rauf, who escorted me safely through Kurdistan during the March uprising, and Hoshyer Samsan were my guides in Kurdistan, and I am grateful to thern as well as to Tania Ali Hasan and Erman Bahaadin.

Sincerely,

Peter W. Galbraith


U. S. Senate

Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein

U. S. G. P. O.

U.S. Government Printing Office
Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein
U. S. Senate

102th Congress 1st Session
Committee Print
S. Prt. 102-56

Kurdistan in the time of Saddam Hussein

A Staff Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
United States Senate

Committee on Foreign Relations
Claiborne Pell, Rhode Island, Chairman
Joseph R. Biden, Jr., Delaware
Jesse Helms, North Carolina
Paul S. Sarbanes, Maryland
Richard G. Lugar, Indiana
Alan Cranston, California
Nancy L. Kassebaum, Kansas
Christopher J. Dodd, Connecticut
Larry Pressler, South Dakota
John F. Kerry, Massachusetts
Frank H. Murkowskı, Alaska
Paul Simon, Illinois
Mıtch Mcconnell, Kentucky
Terry Sanford, North Carolina
Hank Brown, Colorado
Daniel P. Moynıhan, New York
James M. Jeffords, Vermont
Charles S. Robb, Virginia
Harris Wofford, Pennsylvania
Geryld B. Chrstianson, Staff Director
James P. Lucier, Minority Staff Director

November 1991

Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations

U.S. Government Printıng Office
49-559 Washington : 1991

For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office
Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office,
Washington, DC 20402

ISBN 0-16-037023-X



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